[Return to North American Issidae]
Contents
Family Issidae Spinola, 1839: 339.
Subfamily Thioniinae Melichar, 1906
Tribe Thioniini Melichar, 1906
Subtribe Thioniina Melichar, 1906
Genus Aplos Gnezdilov, 2018
Type species: Thionia simplex Germar 1830
Distribution
Southeastern United state, adventive into northern Italy.
Distribution of Aplos from FLOW (as of 26 Dec 2020).
Included species
Aplos simplex (Germar, 1830) – USA: AL, AR, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, KY, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, OH, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA; Italy, Austria
= Issus simplex Germar, 1830: 51.
= Thionia simplex (Germar, 1830); comb. by Melichar, 1906: 273.
= Aplos simplex (Germar, 1830); comb. by Gnezdilov, 2018: 166.
Plant associations
Aplos simplex – polyphagous on dicots; Ulmus alata Michx ; Ulmus laevis Pall. (I have observed this species several times on Robinia pseudoacacia L.(Black Locust) (Fabaceae).
Recognition
(Description from Gnezdilov 2018, lightly edited)
Metope [~frons] wide, with distinct median carina running from its upper margin to frontoclypeal suture and very weak sublateral carinae visible only in its upper part and joined median carina below the upper margin of metope (Gnezdilov & Poggi 2014, fig. 3); lateral margins convex. Coryphe [~vertex] transverse, 1.5 times as wide as long at midline, with weak incomplete median carina (Gnezdilov & Poggi 2014, fig. 1). Second and third segments of rostrum are almost equal in length; third segment narrowing apically. Fore wings elongate, surpassing abdominal apex, with a narrow hypocostal plate. Forewing vein sequence: R 2, furcating very close to basal cell; M 3, first furcation in basal third of the wing, second furcation in apical third; CuA 1 (Gnezdilov & Poggi 2014, fig. 2). Clavus long, open—Pcu+A1 runs into apex of clavus. Pcu fusing A1 after the middle of clavus (Gnezdilov & Poggi 2014, fig. 1). Hind wings 3-lobed, with deep cubital cleft and without coupling lobe on its anterior margin (Fig. 11). Hind wing vein sequence: R 2 r-m 1 M 1 m-cua 1 CuA 2 cua-cup 1 CuP 1 cup-pcu 1 Pcu 3 pcu-a1 1 A1 2 A2 2. Hind tibia with 2 lateral spines in its apical half. First metatarsomere with a whole row of spines arranged in arc. Dorso-lateral phallobase lobes fused dorsally, poorly sclerotized apically. Each dorso-lateral phallobase lobe with a large hook-shaped apical process (Doering 1938, Pl. 55: 2).
Aplos simplex hamitus
Aplos simplex terminalia (ventral view); male (left) and female.
Aplos simplex male terminalia left lateral view
Online resources
Bugguide.
iNaturalist.
FLOW.
EOL.
GBIF.
BOLD. (Genus not present, link to Thionia simplex)
GenBank. (no data, transcriptome shotgun assembly record)
3i.
Discover Life.
Hoppers of North Carolina.
Collecting
Found by inspection of possible hosts (try Robinia), also by sweeping or beating. Found in abundance in Pennsylvania in Lindgren funnel traps.
Molecular resources
There are no data for this genus on Genbank; Barcode of Life has data for Thionia simplex.
Selected references
Barringer, L. E. and C. R. Bartlett. 2018. Pennsylvania planthoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea): relative abundance and incidental catch using novel trapping methods. Insecta Mundi 0661: 1–31.
Bartlett, C. R., L. B. O’Brien and S. W. Wilson. 2014. A review of the planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 50: 1-287.
Doering, K. C. 1938. A contribution to the taxonomy of the subfamily Issinae in America north of Mexico (Fulgoroidea: Homoptera. Part II. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 25(20): 447-575.
Doering, K. C. 1941. A contribution to the taxonomy of the subfamily Issinae in America north of Mexico (Fulgoroidea: Homoptera. Part IV. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 27(10): 185-233.
Germar, E. F. 1830. Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon’s Entomologisches Archiv. 2 (2):1-8 [i.e. 37-44], 45-57.
Gnezdilov, V. M. 2016. Notes on the phylogenetic relationships of planthoppers of the family Issidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea) of the Western Palaearctic fauna, with descriptions of two new genera. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 95(2): 362-382.
Gnezdilov, V. M. 2018. To the revision of the genus Thionia Stål (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Issidae), with description of new genera and new subtribe. Zootaxa 4434 (1): 158–170. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4434.1.10.
Gnezdilov, V. M. and F. Poggi. 2014. First record of Nearctic issid planthopper Thionia simplex (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae) from Europe. Zoosystematica Rossica 23(2): 238-241.
Holzinger W., Huber E., Schlosser L. & Kunz G. 2020. Acanalonia conica (Say, 1830) and three other true hopper species new for Austria (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Cicadina 19: 9-19. (researchgate)
Melichar, L. 1906. Monographie der Issiden. (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königliche Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 3: 1-327.
Metcalf, Z. P. 1923a. A key to the Fulgoridae of Eastern North America with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 38(3): 139-230, plus 32 plates. [from http://www.lib.unc.edu/dc/jncas/]
Metcalf, Z. P. 1958. General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle IV, Fulgoroidea, Part 15, Issidae. Waverly Press, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland. [p. 454]
Muir, F. A. G. 1923. On the classification of the Fulgoroidea (Homoptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 5: 205-247.
Say, T. 1830. Descriptions of new North American hemipterous insects, belonging to the first family of the section Homoptera of Latreille. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6:235-244, 299-314.
Spinola, M. 1839a. Essau sur les Fulgorelles, sous-tribu de la tribu des Cicadaires, ordre des Rhyngotes. Annales de la Société entomologique de France 8: 133-454.
Uhler, P. R. 1876. List of Hemiptera of the region west of the Mississippi River, including those collected during the Hayden Explorations of 1873. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. 1 (5): 269-361.
Van Duzee, E. P. 1908. Studies in North American Fulgoridae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1907: 467-498.
Wang, M. L., Y. L. Zhang and T. Bourgoin. 2016. Planthopper family Issidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha): Linking molecular phylogeny with classification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 105: 224-234.
Wheeler, A. G., Jr. and S. W. Wilson. 1988. Notes on the biology and immatures of the issid planthoppers Thionia bullata and T. simplex (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 96(3): 266-273.
Wilson, S. W., C. Mitter, R. F. Denno and M. R. Wilson. 1994. Evolutionary patterns of host plant use by delphacid planthoppers and their relatives. In: R. F. Denno and T. J. Perfect, (eds.). Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management. Chapman and Hall, New York. Pp. 7-45 & Appendix.
