[back to North American Fulgoridae]
Contents
Family Fulgoridae Latreille, 1807
Subfamily Aphaeninae Blanchard, 1847
Tribe Aphaenini Blanchard, 1847
Genus Lycorma Stål, 1863: 234.
Type species (in original combination): Aphana imperialis White, 1846: 330.
Synonyms: None.
Recognized species[Genus Lycorma in Metcalf catalog – Metcalf 1947: 163].
Lycorma delicatula (White, 1845) – Spotted lanternfly, SLF: Bangladesh, China (Anhui, Beijing Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Tianjin, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan (Honshu, Kyushu); Nansei-Shoto (Ryukyu Islands), South Korea; Vietnam; United States of America (Delaware, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia);
= Aphaena delicatula White, 1845: 37.
= Lycorma delicatula (White, 1845), comb. by Stål 1863: 234.
= Lycorma delicatulum (White, 1845) incorrect subsequent spelling of Lycorma delicatula (White, 1845) in Matsumura 1931: 1269.
Lycorma delicatula jole Stål, 1863: 234 – Bangladesh
Lycorma delicatula operosa (Walker, 1858: 46) – ‘northern China’
= Aphaena operosa Walker, 1858: 46.
= Lycorma delicatula var. operosa (Walker, 1858), comb. by Distant 1906: 207.
= Lycorma delicatula operosa (Walker, 1858) conb. by Lallemand 1963: 46.
Lycorma imperialis (White, 1846: 330) – Bangladesh, China, India (Assam, Darjiling, Sikkim)
= Aphana imperialis White, 1846: 330.
= Aphaena imperialis (White, 1846), comb. by Westwood 1848: 74.
= Lycorma imperialis (White, 1846), comb. by Stål 1863: 234.
= Aphaena placabilis Walker, 1858
= Lycorma imperialis placabilis (Walker, 1858), comb. by Distant 1906: 206.
= Lycorma imperialis var. placabilis (Walker, 1858), comb. by Metcalf 1947: 166.
= Lycorma imperialis var. placabilis (Walker, 1858) synonym of Lycorma imperialis (White, 1846) by Nagai & Porion 1996: 21.
Lycorma imperialis punicea (Hope, 1843)
= Lystra punicea Hope, 1843: 133.
= Aphana punicea (Hope, 1843), comb. by Schaum 1850: 66.
= Aphaena delectabilis Walker, 1858.
= Aphaena delectabilis Walker, 1858, a synonym of Lycorma punicea (Hope, 1843) by Stål 1862: 485.
= Lycorma punicea (Hope, 1843), comb. by Stål 1863: 234.
= Lycorma imperialis punicea (Hope, 1843), revised status (subspecies) by Lallemand 1963: 45.
Lycorma meliae Kato, 1929 – Taiwan
Lycorma olivacea Kato, 1929 – Taiwan
![lycorma imperialis](https://sites.udel.edu/planthoppers/files/2021/01/lycorma-imperialis-Capture.jpg)
lycorma imperialis from Nagai and Porion 1996 (more iNaturalist)
![lycorma meliae](https://sites.udel.edu/planthoppers/files/2021/01/lycorma-meliae-Capture.jpg)
Lycorma meliae from Nagai and Porion 1996 (more iNaturalist)
![lycorma olivacea](https://sites.udel.edu/planthoppers/files/2021/01/lycorma-olivacea-Capture.jpg)
lycorma olivacea from Nagai and Porion 1996 (more iNaturalist)
Distribution
Primarily Indomalayan (for genus), but also temperate China. One species – Lycorma delicatula, the spotted lanternfly [SLF] – adventive to Korea, Japan and recently USA: PA, NJ, VA, DE, NY, recently WV – reports MD, MA, CT and CA(!).
Spotted lanternfly in the US
StopSLF.org is now live, a hub for Spotted Lanternfly information
SLF in the NYT.
Twitter. Also Heather Leach (I don’t have an account, so it is the online feed)
Homeowner control recommendations (Penn State University Extension) – fact sheet with the current (30 June 2020) recommendations for residents:
https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly-management-for-homeowners
An article to explain the many options:
There are now many websites on the spotted lanternfly, will list principle ones here – waiting for “stop SLF ” to come online.
SLF Detection map: see Cornell. This map is ‘official’ so may omit reports that state agencies haven’t seen or confirmed. (when I checked on 28 April, 2020, the map was only showing populations, not reports of dead adults, but I expect that will change with updates).
Pennsylvania – All of southeastern Pennsylvania [24 counties, or so, west to Blair county] and 2 counties – Beaver and Allegheny in western PA)- updates here; (map updated here: https://nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/invasive-species-exotic-pests/spotted-lanternfly/).
Delaware (New Castle Co., dead adults Kent County, unconfirmed dead adult in northern Sussex Co. )
New Jersey (8 counties: Hunterdon, Mercer, Warren, Salem, Burlington, Camden, Glouchester, Somerset) (see also PDF)
West Virginia (Berkeley County)
New York (Staten island New York City; dead adult reports from Albany, Yates, Suffolk, Monroe, Delaware County, fall 2017).
Virginia (Frederick County, and adjacent Clarke County (see also PDF)
Maryland (Cecil County, northern Harford County, Washington County); recently Hagerstown (Washington County).
Connecticut (Hartford County); reports of individual findings (i.e., not populations) widespread.
Rhode Island? (Not yet! – if you think you have one, report it here).
Massachusetts. (pdf in case if gets archived) 22 Feb 2019 (dead specimen, Boston) (see also PDF)
Ohio (Jefferson County), see Ohio Department of Agriculture. There are now confirmed media reports of SLF in eastern Ohio.
North Carolina – there is a confirmed account of a dead adult in Buncombe Co, NC, but I don’t have a link.
California – no populations, but there have been several accounts of dead adults (or not-so-dead) arriving on aircraft. CA dept. of Ag is taking the threat seriously; Mark Hoddle of UCR Riverside is working on it.
State-level information and reporting
General steps you may take:
Collect a specimen: Turn the adult specimen or egg mass into the department’s Entomology Lab for verification. First, place the sample in alcohol or hand sanitizer in a leak-proof container.
Take a picture: Submit photographs to local cooperative extension service (see below).
Report a site: Call the local Bad Bug hotline with details of the siting and your contact information.
Pennsylvania: A new pest alert (dated 12 Oct. 2017; with videos) from Penn State is here. See also The PA Dept of Ag. If you find this species (outside of the quarantined area) go to (website), or contact your local extension office (e.g., Penn State Extension offices), Email badbug@pa.gov, or call the Invasive Species Hotline at 1-866-253-7189.
Delaware (reported Aug 2, 2018, initial report Fall 2017). The location of the initial report in Delaware was not released, except that it was in New Castle Co., in the north Wilmington vicinity. Subsequently, a population in Brandywine Creek SP (New Castle Co.,) was verified. A dead individual was found in Kent County, and evidently Sussex Co. (based on an unconfirmed Facebook posting). As of this writing, active populations are widespread in New Castle County north of the C&D canal. Report sightings at https://de.gov/hitchhikerbug or email HitchHikerBug@delaware.gov.
New Jersey: Spotted Lanternfly is now widespread in the state (quarantined counties are Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, Hunterdon, Mercer, Salem, Somerset and Warren). See New Jersey Department of Agriculture for information. To report possible Spotted Lanternfly outside the quarantine area: call 1-833-badbug0 or email: slf-plantindustry@ag.nj.gov.
Virginia: there is a population in Frederick County, Also adjacent Clarke Co. (Virginia Tech, Spotted Lanternfly), also Virginia Invasive Species. To report sightings contact Virginia cooperative extension, go to https://ask.extension.org/groups/1981/ask, or email spottedlanternflyvirginia@gmail.com.
Florida: New pest alert from Florida here. (no, SLF is not in Florida)
New York: Spotted Lanternfly is now reported in Albany and Yates counties, NY. (13 Sept 2018). DEC and DAM urge New Yorkers to report potential sightings to: spottedlanternfly@dec.ny.gov, or to the Spotted Lanternfly Public Report (website).
Maryland: Known from Cecil Co., (here), and northern Harford Co. (see here), maybe elsewhere. Inform the Maryland Department of Agriculture at (410) 841-5920 or email DontBug.MD@maryland.gov, see the Maryland Department of Agriculture Spotted Lanternfly page.
Massachusetts: online reporting form (see here form is here), U Mass extension bulletin online.
Connecticut: (no specimens reported dead specimens in Farmington. Hartford County; recently populations reported inNew Haven County, Connecticut in the southwest corner of the state): See Connecticut Department of Energy and the environment for updates. Pest alert. (report CT specimens to ReportSLF@ct.gov, here https://portal.ct.gov/caes, see also form on CT Pest Alert).
California. Found dead at airports including Sacramento, Stockton and Ontario.
Spotted Lanternfly Quarantine Expands Again (16 Aug. 2017)
![Lycorma distribution](https://sites.udel.edu/planthoppers/files/2020/10/SLF-reported-distribution-10-29-20.jpg)
The distribution of the spotted lanternfly (as of 30 Oct 2020) from Cornell CALS.
Economic Importance
Lycorma delicatula was found in Berks Co., Pennsylvania. In September 2014, the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture has confirmed the presence of Lycorma delicatula (White, 1845) near Reading, PA in 2015. This species probably came from China, and may have arrived 2 years before (hence 2013 or maybe 2012). The area is under quarantine and a local pest alert has been issued. The common name of ‘spotted lanternfly’ has been suggested for this species.
Lycorma delicatula arrived in Korea in 2006 (and subsequently Japan) (see Han et al. 2008), where it has become broadly established. The primary host of the species is the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) but feeds/reproduces on a variety of plants (mostly trees). Particularly troublesome is that grapes (Vitis sp) are a particularly preferred host, but a number of tree fruits (apple, cherry, peach) are on the host list as well. The species sequesters toxins (esp. from its preferred host) and generally, birds will not consume this species.
Unfortunately, this species has been found in large numbers in a Pennsylvania apple orchard – a worrisome observation whose implications are not yet clear. At least 2 vineyards have been lost due to spotted lanternfly in the invasion area.
Webpage from PA Department of Agriculture on Lycorma detection and control efforts.
There is some concern that bees may collect honeydew from Lycorma (Lycorma delicatula and honey bees – honeydew).
This species now found in Montgomery county (in Sept. 2017, 21 municipalities were added to the quarantine).
Recent Article (Researchers still have a lot to learn…). by Christina Herrick.
Parasites and Predators
Known to be parasitized by a eupelmid wasp Anastatus orientalis (which is an egg parasite, see Kim et al. 2011, Choi et al. 2014 cited below) and the dryinid wasp Dryinus sinicus Olmi 1987 (previously reported as Dryinus browni Ashmead, 1905 here ; Yan et al. 2008, Mita 2009), and Dryinus stantoni Ashmead, 1904 (= Dryinus lycormae Yang, 1994). Dryinids are external parasites of nymphs, usually attached near the wing. (Dryinus browni is listed in Guglielmino et al. (2013) as having Zanna dohrni (Stål) as its host species, but Mita (2009) included Lycorma as a host as well.)
There are a variety of reports of insects and birds eating spotted lanternflies; at some point, I’ll compile these records. It does appear that wheel bugs will take them (have several reports)
Recently Clifton et al. (2019) reported a large die-off of spotted lanternfly caused by an coepizootic of two fungal pathogens – Batkoa major (Division Zoopagomycota, Order Entomophthorales) and Beauveria bassiana (Division Ascomycota, Order Hypocreales).
![Anastatus orientalus from Yang et al 2015](https://sites.udel.edu/planthoppers/files/2020/09/Anastatus-orientalus-from-Yang-et-al-2015.jpg)
Figs 1–4 from Yang et al 2015: Anastatus orientalis Yang & Choi, sp. nov., fresh specimens. 1. ♀, whole body, dorsal view. 2. ♀, whole body, lateral view. 3. ♂, whole body, dorsal view. 4. ♂, whole body, lateral view.
Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard) (Encyrtidae)has been reared from eggs of SLF in Pennsylvania (Liu & Mottern 2017).
![Ooencyrtus kuvanae](https://sites.udel.edu/planthoppers/files/2018/02/Ooencyrtus-kuvanae-from-Lui-and-Mottern-2017.jpg)
Figure 1 from Liu & Mottern (2017). (A) Lycorma delicatula egg masses on bark of sweet birch; inset showing L. delicatula adult. (B) Lycorma delicatula egg mass with arrow indicating Ooencyrtus kuvanae female; inset showing L. delicatula eggs with parasitoid emergence holes. (C) Ooencyrtus kuvanae, female habitus. Arrow indicating exposed portion of ovipositor sheath. (D) Ooencyrtus kuvanae, male habitus. (E) Ooencyrtus kuvanae, female antenna. (F) Ooencyrtus kuvanae, female showing relative sculpture of the midlobe of the mesoscutum (mlm) and the mesoscutellum (msc).
![Clifton et al 2019 figure 1](https://sites.udel.edu/planthoppers/files/2020/09/Clifton-et-al-2019-Lycorma-F1.large_.jpg)
Figure 1 from Clifton et al. 2019: Two fungal pathogens causing a coepizootic in an L. delicatula population. (A) L. delicatula during the epizootic: only one of these adults was alive and the remainder had been killed by B. major. A similar degree of mortality was observed on trees throughout the site. (B) Rhizoids from B. major (arrow) attaching a dead adult to a tree. Image courtesy of Kelly Murman (photographer). (C) Adult cadaver with wings and legs extended outward as B. major conidia are released from the abdomen. (D) Adult killed by B. bassiana. (E) Percent L. delicatula killed by either pathogen on the trees or surrounding ground. Sample size is below each bar.
Reported predators are the wheel bug (Arilus cristatus (L.)) and the predatory stink bug Apoecilus cynicus (Say) (Barringer and Smyers 2016)
Known host plants:
Lycorma meliae Kato, 1929 – Melia azedarach L. (Sapindales, Meliaceae) according to Kato (1933)
The primary hosts for Lycorma delicatula appear to be Ailanthus and grape. The EPPO host list has been updated for SLF (PDF).
Working spotted lanternfly host list from Lawrence Barrenger of PDI (as of 1 Aug 2019)
![SLF host list](https://sites.udel.edu/planthoppers/files/2019/08/SLF-host-list.jpg)
Spotted lanternfly host list, unpublished from L. Barringer, PA Dept. Agriculture (published in Barringer and Ciafré 2020)
SLF Host List 2019 (2)The following is a simple list of plant species Spotted lanternfly is known to use (the list does not imply that they are ‘good’ hosts, including the fruit trees). Most of the listed species are from the eastern Palearctic. Will provide more detail later. Links are to USDA PLANTS or Tropicos.
Acer palmatum Thunb. – Japanese maple
Acer saccharinum L. – Silver maple
Actinidia chinensis Planch. – Kiwi
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle – Tree of Heaven
Alnus hirsuta Turcz. ex Rupr. – Alder
Angelica dahurica (Fisch.) Benth. & Hook. f.
Aralia cordata Thunb. – Udo
Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. – Japanese angelica tree
Arctium lappa L. – Greater burdock
Betula platyphylla Sukaczev – Asian white birch
Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc. – Japanese chestnut
Cedrela fissilis Vell.
Cornus controversa Hemsl. ex Prain – Giant dogwood
Cornus kousa Hance – Kousa dogwood
Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc. – Asiatic dogwood
Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. – autumn olive
Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight – Chinese parasoltree
Hibiscus syriacus L. – Rose of Sharon
Juglans mandshurica Maxim.
Juglans nigra L. – Black walnut
Juglans regia L. (as Juglans sinensis (C. DC.) Dode) – English walnut
Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim. – Amur maackia
Magnolia kobus DC. – Kobus magnolia
Magnolia obovata Thunb.
Malus pumila Mill. – Paradise apple
Malus sp. – Apple
Melia azedarach L. – Chinaberrytree
Metaplexis japonica (Thunb.) Makino – Rough potato
Morus alba L. – White mulberry
Morus bombycis Koidz.
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. – Virginia creeper
Phellodendron amurense Rupr. – Amur corktree
Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr.
Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn. – Nigaki
Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. – Japanese red pine
Pinus strobus L. – Eastern white pine
Platanus orientalis L. – Oriental planetree
Populus alba L. – White poplar
Populus koreana Rehder
Populus tomentiglandulosa
Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc. – Japanese apricot
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch – Peach
Prunus salicina Lindl. – Japanese plum
Prunus serrulata Lindl. – Japanese flowering cherry
Prunus ×yedoensis Matsum. (pro sp.) [subhirtella × speciosa] – hybrid cherry
Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC. – Chinese wingnut
Pyrus calleryana Decne. – Callery pear
Quercus aliena Blume
Rhus javanica L.
Robinia pseudoacacia L. – Black locust
Rosa hybrida – Hybrid roses
Rosa multiflora Thunb. – Multiflora rose
Rosa rugosa Thunb. – Rugosa rose
Rubus crataegifolius Bunge
Salix sp. – Willow species
Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun – False spiraea
Sorbus commixta Hedl.
Styrax japonicus Siebold & Zucc. – Japanese snowbell
Styrax obassis Siebold & Zucc.
Syringa vulgaris L. – Common lilac
Tetradium daniellii (Benn.) T.G. Hartley (bee-bee tree, as Evodia danielii – Korean Evodia)
Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) M. Roem.
Toona sinensis ‘flamingo’
Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley (as Rhus verniciflua) – Chinese lacquer
Vitis amurensis Rupr. – Amur grape
Vitis vinifera L. – Wine grape
Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino – Japanese zelkova
Host table from Park et al. (2009)
Recognition:
There are no other species in our area similar to Lycorma.
Below, Lycorma delicatula, first instar, photographed in Berks Co., PA on May 12, 2015 by Greg Hoover, Dept. of Entomology, Penn State University
Lycorma delicatula, first instar, photographed in Berks Co., PA on May 12, 2015 by Greg Hoover, Dept. of Entomology, Penn State University
![Lycorma delicatula](https://sites.udel.edu/planthoppers/files/2019/07/SLF-Adult-and-Nymphs-7-9-191.jpg)
Third and fourth instar spotted lanternfly nymphs with an adult, taken July 9, 2019, at Winchester, VA.
Online Resources
EPPO.
PDA.
Pest news.
CDFA.
EOL.
Massachusetts Massachusets introduced pest outreach project.
Entomology Today.
Bugwoodwiki.
Pesttracker.
Wikipedia.
University of Florida featured creature.
Video at Reading Eagle (newspaper). Article.
Adult photos http://hojae.net/520
Nymph photos 4th instar
Collecting
Easily found on the tree of heaven within the invasion area, also like grape. When numbers are higher, they are on red and silver maple, among other species.
Molecular resources
There is now a great deal of molecular data for the spotted lanternfly.
A complete mitogenome (pub here) is now available for the spotted lanternfly (Genbank data).
Lycorma at GenBank. (as of 7 Jan. 2020, 634 hits)
Lycorma at Barcode of life. (COI barcode gene, as of 7 Jan 2020, 137 sequences)
Selected references
This reference list includes peer-revied literature, technical documents, theses, popular articles, and some other gray literature. I hope to separate it into categories in the next iteration.
American Nurseryman staff. A colorful new pest. American Nurseryman Jan 2015, pp. 6-7.
AN, Hyunjin, Sung Ju CHO, Saera OH, and Jae-Min JUNG. 2018. Economic impacts of invasive pests under climate change: A case of Lycorma delicatula. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society 19(7): 415-422. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2018.19.7.415.
Anonymous. 2014. Pest Alert, Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula). United States Department of Agriculture APHIS 81-35-024. pdf.
Avanesyan, A. and W.O. Lamp. 2020. Use of molecular gut content analysis to decipher the range of food plants of the invasive spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula. Insects 11: 215; 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11040215 (ePub Artilce#215, 13 pp.)
Avanesyan, A., T. K. Maugel, and W.O. Lamp. 2019. External morphology and developmental changes of tarsal tips and mouthparts of the invasive spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula. PLoS ONE 14(12) (article e0226995: 26 pp. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226995
Baek, S.-H & Joung, O & Lee, H.-Y & Shin, J.-C & Choi, W.-S & Lee, T.H. & Hwang, J.-S & Nam, S.-H & Son, H.-U & Lee, S.-H. 2018. Anti-oxidative fraction of Lycorma delicatula alleviates inflammatory indicators. Natural Product Communications 13: 431-434. (researchgate)
Baker, T. C., E. C. Smyers, J. M. Urban, Z. Meng, K. J. Pagadala Damadaram, A. J. Myrick, M. F. Cooperband and M. J. Domingue. 2019. Progression of seasonal activities of adults of the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, during the 2017 season of mass flight dispersal behavior in eastern Pennsylvania. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 22(3), 705–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2019.05.006
Barringer, L. E. 2014. Pest Alert. Spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 2 pp. pdf.
Barringer, L. and C. M. Ciafré. 2020. Worldwide feeding host plants of spotted lanternfly, with significant additions from North America. Environmental Entomology, XX(XX), 2020, 1–13
https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa093
Barringer, L. E. and C. R. Bartlett. 2018. Pennsylvania planthoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea): relative abundance and incidental catch using novel trapping methods. Insecta Mundi 0661: 1–31. pdf
Barringer, L. E. and E. Smyers. 2016. Predation of the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) by two native Hemiptera. Entomological News 126(1): 71–73.
Barringer, L. E., L. R. Donovall, S.-E. Spichiger, D. Lynch and D. Henry. 2015. The first New World record of Lycorma delicatula (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). Entomological News 125(1): 20-23.
Bielski, J. and J. Steffel. 2019. Field observations on spotted lanternfly behavior and host suitability. Pp. 31-36. In: M.W. Choi (ed.). Proceedings of the Cumberland-Shenandoah Fruit Workers Conference 95th Annual Meeting, December 5th-6th, 2019, Winchester, Virginia. pdf.
Blake, C. 2014. New invasive pest could threaten stone fruit, grapes. Western Farm Press (12/6/2014) 36(23): 1-8 (2 pp). http://www.westernfarmpress.com/grapes/spotted-lanternfly-new-threat-grapes-stone-fruit (txt)
Blanchard, E. 1847. Descriptions of various genera of Homoptera with fixation. In: D’Orbigny A. C. V. D. 1847. Dictionnaire universel d’histoire naturelle, 10. p. 612 [642]
Broadley, H.J., J.R. Gould, L.T. Sullivan, X.Y. Wang, K.A. Hoelmer, M.L. Hickin, and J.S. Elkinton. 2020. Life history and rearing of Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), an egg parasitoid of the spotted lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). Environmental Entomology (2020): (PrePrint, 8 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa124.
Brooks, R. K., A. Toland, A. C. Dechaine, T. McAvoy and S. Salom. 2020. The inability of spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) to vector a plant pathogen between its preferred host, Ailanthus altissima, in a laboratory setting. Insects 11 (ePub article 515): 10 pp. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11080515
Byeon, Dae-hyeon, Jae-Min Jung, Sunghoon Jung and Wang-Hee Lee. 2020. Effect of types of meteorological data on species distribution predicted by the CLIMEX model using an example of Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 13(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.11.010
Cai, Hui-Xian and Xiao-Zhong Wu. 2013. Occurrence and control of Lycorma delicatula in Ailanthus altissima in Jiaozuo, China [Abstract]. In: The Proceedings of Chinese Society of Plant Protection in 2013, Shandong, China, 22-25 October, 2013. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China. pp. 146-149.
CHEN, X. X. and J. H. HE. 2006. Lycorma delicatula Ashmead. In: X.X. Chen and J.H. He. 2006. Parasitoids and Predators of Forest Pests in China. China Forestry Publishing House. Beijing, China. P. 128.
Cho, S. R., J. E. Lee, J. W. Jeong, J. O. Yang, C. M. Yoon and G. H. Kim. 2011. Comparison of cuticular hydrocarbons of different developmental stages of the spot clothing wax cicada, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 50(3): 185-194.
Choi, Man-Youn, Zhong-Qi Yang, Xiao-Yi Wang, Yan Long Tang, Zhen Rong Hou, Jeong Hwan Kim and Young Woong Byeon. 2014. Parasitism rate of egg parasitoid Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) on Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in China. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53(2) 135-139. (link should open to PDF)
Choi, D. H., K .H. Kim and Y. K. Jang. 2011. Agonistic interactions between nymphs of Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 14(1): 21-25.
Choi, D. S., D. I. Kim, S. J. Ko, B. R. Kang, J. D., Park, S. G. Kim and K. J. Choi. 2012. Environmentally-friendly control methods and forecasting the hatching time Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in Jeonnam Province. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 51(4): 371-376. (link – the DOI doesn’t work)
CHOI, ManYoung, YANG ZhongQi, WANG XiaoYi, TANG YanLong, HOU ZhenRong, KIM JeongHwan, and BYEON YoungWoong. 2014. Parasitism rate of egg parasitoid Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) on Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in China. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 53(2) 135–139. (here)
Chou. I. A. 1946. A study on Lycorma delicatula White. Entomologia et Ars 1(2/3/4): 31-54.
Chu, H. J. 1931. Notes of the Life-History of Lycorma delicatula White in Nanking. Peking Natural History Bulletin 5(2): 33-35.
Clifton, E. H., L. A. Castrillo, A. Gryganskyi and A. E. Hajek. 2019. A pair of native fungal pathogens drives decline of a new invasive herbivore. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) article 201903579 (ePub): 3 pp. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903579116
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Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (PDA). not dated (2019). Guidelines for the Control of Spotted Lanternfly. Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. 5 pp. https://www.agriculture.pa.gov/Plants_Land_Water/PlantIndustry/Entomology/spotted_lanternfly/Documents/Spotted%20Lanternfly%20%20Property%20Management.pdf
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Riggins, D.J. [no date] Spotted lanternfly. Mississippi Forestry Commission Technical Bulletin Forest Health Notes #76. 6 pp. pdf
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Yun, Ji-Hyun, Seong Woon Roh, Tae Woong Whon, Mi-Ja Jung, Min-Soo Kim, Doo-Sang Park, Changmann Yoon, Young-Do Nam, Yun-Ji Kim, Jung-Hye Choi, Joon-Yong Kim, Na-Ri Shin, Sung-Hee Kim, Won-Jae Lee and Jin-Woo Bae. 2014. Insect Gut Bacterial Diversity Determined by Environmental Habitat, Diet, Developmental Stage, and Phylogeny of Host. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80 (17): 5254–5264. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01226-14 [Lycorma noted]
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ZHANG, Li, Wenhui ZHAO Fuping WANG, and Daozheng QIN. 2019. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Natural Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridea) Populations in China as Revealed by Microsatellite and Mitochondrial Markers. Insects 10(10): 312; 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10100312.
Zheng J., J. Du, Q. Liu, S. Wang, Y. Li and J. Wu. 2009. Investigation on insect pest and plant diseases damaging apple trees and their dynamics in Tianshui, Gansu. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica 18(2): 293-298. [record from China North-Central (Gansu) ]
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Popular news accounts
Herrick, C. 2018. New Finds of Spotted Lanternfly on Apple. Growing Produce.[here is a PDF]http://www.growingproduce.com/fruits/apples-pears/new-finds-spotted-lanternfly-apple/?utm_source=realmagnet&utm_medium=newsletter&utm_campaign=afgenews+05092018&utm_content=susan.halbert@freshfromflorida.com