Genus Sogatella Fennah, 1956

[Back to Higher classification of Delphacidae]

Family Delphacidae Leach, 1815

Subfamily Delphacinae Leach, 1815

Tribe Delphacini Leach, 1815

Genus Sogatella Fennah, 1956: 471.

Type species (original combination): Delphax furcifera Horvath, 1899.

Distribution

Pantropical and adjacent temperate regions

Generic Synonyms
= Chloriona (Sogatella) Fennah,1956a: 471; Type species (by original designation), Delphax furcifera Horvath, 1899: 372.
= Sogatodes Fennah, 1963a: 71; Type species (by subsequent designation by Fennah, 1963b: 166), Sogatodes molinus Fennah, 1963a: 72. Syn. by Asche and Wilson 1990: 5.
= Sogatella Fennah, 1956a; status (genus) by Fennah 1963b: 48.
World Species

There are 16 species, plus a subspecies, worldwide, as follow

Sogatella albofimbriata (Muir, 1926)  – South Africa, Ivory Coast, Oman, Mauritius, Reunion, Senegal, Nigeria
= Sogata albofimbriata Muir, 1926b: 33
= Chloriona albofimbriata (Muir); comb. by Fennah, 1958b: 204.
= Chloriona (Sogatella) albofimbriata (Muir); comb. by Fennah, 1958c: 490
= Sogatella albofimbriata (Muir); Fennah, 1964: 141.
= Sogatodes albofimbriatus (Muir); Medler, 1980: 62.
= Sogata rhodesi Muir, 1929b: 208; Synonymized by Asche 1988: 206. (Natal in Metcalf 1943)

Sogatella camptistylis Fennah, 1963 – Uganda

Sogatella capensis (Muir, 1929) – South Africa
= Sogata furcifera capensis Muir, 1929b: 212.

Sogatella colorata nigrior Fennah, 1963 – Mauritius
Sogatella colorata colorata (Distant, 1917) – Seychelles Islands, Reunion
= Opiconsiva colorata Distant, 1917: 301, original combination.
= Sogatella colorata (Distant), status by Fennah, 1963a: 62.

Sogatella eupompe (Kirkaldy, 1907) (Tonga, Australia (Queensland)) – see Latistria – comb. by Asche and Wilson 1990 , see also Fennah 1965.

Sogatella fulva Yang 1989:192 to Toya (as Toya fulva (Yang); see Asche and Wilson 1990: 7.

Sogatella furcifera (Horvath, 1899) [Whitebacked plant-hopper (WBPH)] –  Widespread and common in the Old World tropics and adjacent temperate regions, reported in error from New World, Europe, and parts of Africa; See Asche and Wilson 1990 for discussion of distribution; the following list may intermix some old reports in error with valid reports, but reports from Indomalayan and adjacent far east, Oceania and Australia probably valid;  [Reported in error from New World (USA: FL, NC, LA, Bermuda, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico (inc. Mona Island), Trinidad, St. Croix, Tortola. Also reported in error from Europe (Canary Islands, Egypt, Israel, Italy (Sicily), Madeira, Russia (Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Sakhalin), “Yugoslavia”) and Africa (Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Seychelles Islands, South Africa, Tanzania); Palearctic: Iran, Israel, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku), Korea, Mongolia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia; Indomalaya: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (Hong Kong, Hubei, Zhejiang), India, Indonesia (Western New Guinea; Irian Jaya), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (ex Burma), Nansei-shoto (Ryukyu Islands), Nepal, Pakistan, Philippine Islands, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific: Fiji, Micronesia (Caroline Islands, Guam, Palau, Ponape, Mariana islands,  Marshall Islands), Ryukyu Islands, Vanuatu; Australia]
= Delphax furcifera Horváth 1899; 372.
= Liburnia furcifera (Horváth 1899); comb. by Matsumura 1900: 262.
= Megamelus furcifera (Horváth 1899); comb. by Muir 1917: 328.
= Sogata furcifera (Horváth 1899); comb. by Muir 1923: 174.
= Delphacodes furcifera (Horváth 1899); comb. by Matsumura 1935a: 129.
= Liburnia albolineosa Fowler, 1905; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 13 (error; removed from syn. by Fennah 1963b: 74).
= Sogata distincta Distant, 1912: 191; syn. by Muir 1919a: 7.
= Sogatella furcifera distincta (Distant, 1912); status by Fennah 1963b: 51.
= Sogata pallescens Distant, 1912: 192; syn. by Muir 1919a: 7.
= Sogatella furcifera pallescens (Distant, 1912); status by Fennah 1963b: 51.
= Sogata kyusyuensis Masumura & Ishihara, 1945: 65; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 9.
= Sogatella kyusyuensis (Masumura & Ishihara, 1945); comb. by Fennah 1963b: 51.
= Sogata tandojamensis Qadri & Mirza 1960: 115 (nomen nudum); syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 9.
= Opiconsiva colorata Distant, 1917: 301; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 13 (error: removed from syn. by Fennah 1963b: 62-63).
= Opiconsiva insularis Distant, 1917: 303; syn. by Muir 1919a: 7 (error: to Sogatella kolophon by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7).
= Opiconsiva derelicta Distant, 1917: 303; syn. by Muir 1919a: 7 (error: to Sogatella kolophon by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7).
= Opiconsiva balteata Distant, 1917: 302; syn. by Muir 1919a: 7 (error: to Sogatella kolophon by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7).
= Delphax nigrigenis Jacobi, 1917: 530; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 13.
= Opiconsiva gloriosa Distant, 1917: 303; syn. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 13.

Sogatella gemina Fennah, 1963 – Seychelles Islands, Mauritius

Sogatella geranor (Kirkaldy, 1907) – to Sogatellana Kuoh by Asche and Wilson 1990: 37.

Sogatella kolophon (Kirkaldy, 1907) – Widespread, circumtropical and warm temperate regions[Nearctic: USA: AL, CT, DE, FL, GA, HI, IL, KS, KY, LA, MD, MS, NC, NJ, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA; CAN: NS;  Neotropical: Bahamas (Andros, Crooked, Eleuthera, Exuma, New Providence); Belize, Bermuda Islands, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Grenada, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico (Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morales, Puebla, Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Montserrat, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, Trinidad, Venezuela, Virgin Islands (St. Kitts); Atlantic Ocean: St. Helena Island; Palearctic: Azores, Canary Islands, Japan, Korea; Afrotropical: Cape Verde Island, Ivory Coast, Mauritius, Nigeria, Rodrigues Island, South Africa; Indomalayan: Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Philippine Islands, Seychelles Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Taiwan, Vietnam; Pacific: Austral Isl. (Rurutu Is.); Belau Island, Eniwetok Atoll, Fiji, Galapagos, Guam, Hawaii, Henderson Island, Mangareva Island, Marquesas Islands (Hiva Oa), Micronesia (Bonin Island, Caroline Atolls, Gilbert Islands, Marshall Islands, Palau, Ponape, S. Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, Truk, Yap), New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Pitcairn Island, Rapa, Society Islands (Raiatea, Moorea), Solomon Islands, Swains Is., Tonga Islands, Western Samoa; Australian: Australia]
= Delphax kolophon Kirkaldy, 1907a: 157-158.
= Opiconsiva balteata Distant, 1917: 302.
= Opiconsiva insularis Distant, 1917: 303.
= Opiconsiva derelicta Distant, 1917: 303.
= Liburnia furcifera var. kolophon (Kirkaldy, 1907a); comb. by Metcalf 1943: 361.
= Delphacodes elegantissima lshihara, 1952: 45-47.
= Sogata meridiana Beamer, 1952a: 111-112.
= Sogatella kolophon meridiana (Beamer, 1952a); comb. by Fennah 1963b: 59.
= Sogatella kolophon atlantica Fennah, 1963b; 58.
= Chloriona (Sogatella) kolophon (Kirkaldy, 1907a); comb. by Fennah 1956b: 116 (new comb. not stated).
= Sogatella kolophon (Kirkaldy, 1907a); status by Fennah 1963b: 58.
= Sogatella kolophon insularis (Distant, 1917); comb. by Fennah 1963b: 59-60.
= Sogatella derelicta (Distant, 1917); comb. by Fennah 1963b: 62.
= Sogatella balteata (Distant, 1917); comb. by Fennah 1963b: 64-65.
= Sogatella nebris Fennah, 1963b: 67-68.
= Sogatella elegantissima (Ishihara, 1952); comb. by Fennah 1963b: 67.
= Sogatella chenhea Kuoh, 1977: 440-441.
= Sogata meridiana Beamer, 1952a; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16.
= Sogatella kolophon atlantica Fennah, 1963b; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16.
= Opiconsiva balteata Distant, 1917; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16.
= Opiconsiva derelicta Distant, 1917; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16.
= Opiconsiva insularis Distant, 1917: 303; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16.
= Sogatella chenhea Kuoh, 1977; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16.
= Delphacodes elegantissima Ishihara, 1952; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 16.
= Sogatella nebris Fennah, 1963b; syn. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 17.

Sogatella krugeri (Muir, 1929) – South Africa, Tanzania, Aldabra
= Sogata krugeri Muir, 1929b: 209,.

Sogatella lima Yang 1989:199 to Toya (as Toya lima (Yang)) by Asche and Wilson 1990: 7.

Sogatella manetho Fennah, 1963: 66 – Zimbabwe (ex Rhodesia).

Sogatella molina (Fennah, 1963) – USA: AL, MS, SC, FL; Bahamas (Andros, Exuma Cays); Bermuda, Cayman Is. (Grand Cayman), Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Federal District, Jalisco, Morales, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas)
= Sogatodes molinus Fennah, 1963b: 72.
= Sogatella molina (Fennah, 1963b); comb. by Asche & Wilson 1990: 7, 20-22.

Sogatella nigeriensis (Muir, 1920) – Afro-tropical region: Egypt, Nigeria, Madagascar, Azores, France (Reunion). Spain (Canary Islands), Israel, Madeira, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Aldabra, Ethiopia, Guinea, Iles Glorieuses, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire.
= Megamelus furcifer (sic) nigeriensis Muir, 1920: 143, original combination.
= Toya (Delphacodes) nigeriensis  (Muir, 1920); comb. by Linnavouri 1973: 107.
= Sogatella nigeriensis troilos Fennah, 1963a: 62; Syn by Asche and Wilson 1990: 13.

Sogatella nigrigenis (Jacobi, 1917) – East Africa: Kenya, Uganda, Sudan
= Delphax nigrigenis Jacobi, 1917: 530;
= Sogatella nigrigenis (Jacobi); comb. by Fennah 1963a: 55; Asche and Wilson 1990.

Sogatella petax Fennah, 1963 : 68 – Egypt, Jordan, Sudan, Tanzania, Nigeria

Sogatella subana (Crawford, 1914) – mispelling of S. cubana; see Tagosodes

Sogatella timaea Fennah, 1969 – to Tagosodes, see Asche and Wilson 1990: 7

Sogatella unidentata Mariani & Remes Lenicov, 2017 – Argentina

Sogatella vibix (Haupt, 1927) – Widespread in Old World Tropics [in FLOW as Cyprus, Egypt, France (New Caledonia), Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu; Ogasawara-Shoto or Bonin islands, Shikoku); Jordan, Lebanon, Mongolia, Morocco, Nansei-shoto (Ryukyu Islands), Russia (Khabarovsk, Primorye), Spain (Canary Islands), Tonga, Turkey, Ukraine, Vietnam, Yugoslavia]
= Liburnia vibix Haupt, 1927: 13.
= Sogatella suezensis Linnavuori, 1964: 341, misidentification
[not suezensis Matsumura 1910; Nast , 1975 transferred Delphax suezensis to
Toya].
= Sogatella catoptron Fennah, 1963a: 54; syn. by Asche and Wilson 1990: 22.
= Sogatella diachenhea Kuoh, 1977: 441; syn. by Asche and Wilson 1990: 22.
= Delphacodes dogensis Ishihara, 1952: 47; syn. by Asche and Wilson 1990: 22.
= Delphacodes 1ongifircifera Esaki & Ishihara, 1947: 41; syn. by Asche and Wilson 1990: 22.
= Sogatella longifurcifera (Esaki & Ishihara); comb. by Fennah, 1963a: 53.
= Liburnia matsumurana Metcalf, 1943: 364; nom.nov. for Delphax furcata Matsumura, 1910b: 34 (nec Delphax furcata Provancher, 1872)]; syn. by Asche and Wilson 1990: 22.
= Sogatella matsumurana (Metcalf); comb. by Nast, 1975: 2.
= Delphacodes panicicola Ishihara, 1949: 51; syn. with S.longifurcifera by Ding et al. (1981).
= Sogatella panicicola (Ishihara); comb. by Fennah, 1963a: 76.
= Sogatella parakolophon Linnavuori, 1973: 108; syn. by Asche and Wilson 1990: 22.

Sogatella wallacei (Muir and Giffard 19240; to Tagosodes, see Asche and Wilson 1990: 7

Sogatella yei Linnavuori, 1973: 109  – Sudan

Plant associations

Wheat (Sogatella vibix), Rice (Sogatella furcifera), Maize (Sogatella kolophon, Sogatella vibix).  Asche and Wilson (1990) note that the genus is associated with grasses, but the level of specialization on hosts is unclear.

Sogatella colorata – Zea mays L. (Poales, Poaceae; Bonfils et al. (1994)
Sogatella albofimbriata – Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Paspalum dilatatum Poir., Paspalum psittaculum [?], Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov., Saccharum officinarum L., Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. ex M.B. Moss
Tripsacum andersonii J.R. Gray, Zea mays L. (all Poales, Poaceae; Bonfils et al. 1994).
Sogatella furcifera –  Oryza sativa L.  (Rice), Trifolium alexandrinum L. (Sabir et al. 2017c cited in Rizwan et al. 2020 [the Sabir reference is a meeting abstract]). In Pakistan reported primarily on Oryza sativa L. and Medicago polymorpha L.., but also on Cynodon dactylon L., Helianthus allus L., Leptochloa chinensis L., Sorghum bicolor L. and Zea mays L. (Rizwan et al. 2020)
Sogatella kolophon – Chloris gayana Kunth, Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Panicum repens L., Paspalum psittaculum [?], Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov., Saccharum officinarum L., Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. ex M.B. Moss; Zea mays L. (all Poales, Poaceae, Bonfils et al. 1994).
Sogatella molina – Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q. Nguyen (para grass; as Panicum purpurascens Raddi)
Sogatella nigeriensis – Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae; Etienne et al. (1992: 1630; Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. (Poaceae; Bonfils et al. (1994); Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. ex M.B. Moss (Poaceae; Bonfils et al. 1994); Tripsacum andersonii J.R. Gray (Poaceae; Bonfils et al. 1994).
Sogatella unidentata –  Cynodon sp., Oryza sativa L., Zea mays L. (Poales, Poaceae); Mariani & Remes Lenicov (2017)
Sogatella vibix   – Oryza sativa L.  (Rice)

Still incomplete; See also FLOW; Wilson et al. 1994, Lee and Kwon(1980; list of hosts for S. furcifera).

Parasites/predators

Sogatella furcifera – Agamermis unka Kaburaki et Imamura 1932 (Nematoda, Mermithida, Mermithidae; see Choo & Kaya (1990: 513); Anagrus sp. (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Mymaridae; see Swaminathan & Ananthakrishnan (1984: 7); Pseudogonatopus hospes Perkins = Gonatopus hospes (Perkins, 1912) (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Dryinidae; see Swaminathan & Ananthakrishnan (1982: 185); Elenchus yasumatsui Kifune & Hirashima, 1975 (Elenchidae, Strepsiptera) (e.g., Kathirithamby 1994)

Sogatella kolophon – Gonatopus concinnus Olmi and Virla, 2009 (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Dryinidae; Remes Lenicov et al. (2009: 180)

Sogatella nigeriensis – Psenulus sp. (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae; Etienne et al. 1992: 167)

Sogatella vibix – Elenchus solomonensis Fox, 1967 (Strepsiptera, Elenchidae; Fox 1967)

Economic importance

Very important in rice and other gasses.

Sogatella furcifera is the white-backed planthopper (WBPH), and important pest of rice in the Old World. Sogatella furcifera, and other Sogatella are known for migratory habits.

Fact sheet for Sogatella kolophon (PDF in case if disappears).

Sogatella furcifera is known to vector Pangola stunt virus (PSV), and Southern Rice Black Streak Dwarf Virus (SRBSDV).  Sogatella kolophon is known to vector Brazilian wheat spike disease (BWSV), Digitaria striate virus (DSV), and Maize sterile stunt virus (MSSV).  Sogatella vibex is known to vector Finger millet mosaic virus (FMMV), Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV), and Maize sterile stunt virus (MSSV).

See e.g., Laguna et al. 2002, Remes Lenicov et al. 2014, Sogatella as a vector of Mal de Rio Cuarto virus (MRCV) of maize in Argentina

Recognition

All species tend to be straw to brown color with a conspicuous pale stripe down the midline of the dorsum.  Recognition of species, particularly when it is unclear whether the species is endemic or potentially invasive, can be challenging.  Color can be both helpful and misleading, particularly since color intensity can vary quite a bit between males and females of the same species and between individuals from different localities. Some species can be very common and can be collected in considerable numbers.  Individuals can travel great distances and may be found well outside their usual range.

Sogatella kolophon is easily the most abundant New World species of Sogatella

The genus Sogatella is quite similar to Tagosodes (and Sogatellana and to a lesser degree Matutinus).  Males are much preferred for identification.  Females can be difficult to distinguish to genus, and can only be tentatively assigned to species.  These genera can best be separated by the shape of the genital diaphragm of the male – which is broadly “u” shaped in Sogatella versus a rectangular protrusion or raise T-shaped area in Tagosodes.

Key to genera of white-backs (males only) (modified from Asche and Wilson 1990)

1 Anal segment with two pairs of processes (e.g., Figs 136, 137) … Sogatellana

1’- Anal segment with one pair of processes (e.g. Figs 21, 112, 126) … 2

2 Mediodorsal margin of diaphragm of genital segment forming a broad U-shape (Fig. 20), aedeagus compressed, twisted, with two rows of spines … Sogatella

2’- Diaphragm of genital segment different, aedeagus tubular, with irregular teeth and/or teeth in rows  … 3

3 Mediodorsal margin of diaphragm forming a conspicuous caudodorsad directed, shoe-shaped protuberance; anal segment with rather long sinuate processes which originate subdistally; relatively robust species with acute angled transition of frons to vertex … Distantinus (as Matutinus)

3’- Diaphragm of genital segment and processes of anal segment different, small and slender species with transition of vertex to frons either rounded or slightly acute-angled  … 4

4 Diaphragm of genital segment mediodorsally with a sinuate protrusion (Figs 124, 129); parameres, slender (Figs 125, 130), almost reaching the laterodorsal angles of the genital segment … Latistria

4’- Diaphragm  mediodorsally with either a raised T- shaped area or a distinct rectangular protrusion (Figs 92,101,104), or with inverse W-shaped central projection (Fig. 108). Parameres variously shaped but not long and slender  … Tagosodes

Latistria and Tagosodes from Asche and Wilson 1990.

Key to species of Sogatella (males) revised from Asche and Wilson 1990

1 Outer and inner angle of the apex of parameres about equally produced or the outer one rounded, apical margin shallowly concave or sinuate (S. furcifera-group), figs. 2-8) … 2

1’- Parameres distinctly bifurcate distally. inner apical process rod-like, outer one strongly produced (S. kolophon-group) or parameres thin and elongate, inner distal process strongly reduced or absent (S. albofimbriata-group) ………………… 8

2 Face with frons and clypeus and genae dark brown (carinae may be stramineous or pale yellow) .. 3

2’- Frons and clypeus stramineous or pale yellow, genae dark brown … 5

3 Apex of clavus in forewing with dark brown marking … 4

3’- Apex of clavus without marking; parameres with apical margin undulate, shallowly concave, outer corner forming a pointed process (Fig. 5) … capensis

4 Parameres strongly dilated at base with apex relatively small, almost equally bifurcate (e.g. Fig. 2), diaphragm mediodorsally broadly U-shaped (Fig. 20)  … furcifera

4’- Parameres not dilated at base, apical part distally about as broad as base (Fig. 3), U-shaped process of diaphragm rather narrow … nigeriensis

5 Parameres with apical margin distinctly concave, outer apical corner forming a pointed edge or projection (Figs 4, 6) … 6

5’- Parameres with apical margin shallowly concave, outer apical corner rounded (Fig. 7, 8) … 7

6 Outer apical corner of parameres less produced than inner forming a short, pointed edge; inner corner strongly produced to a long rod-like process (Fig. 6) … yei

6’- Parameres with outer apical corner more strongly produced than inner forming a long, slightly curved process (Fig. 4) … camptistylis

7 Outer apical corner of parameres broadly rounded, not distinctly produced, inner apical corner forming a bill-shaped process  … petax

7’- Outer apical corner of parameres projected to a rounded process, apical margin of parameres almost straight, inner apical corner short and rodlike (Fig. 7) … manetho

8 Parameres distinctly bifurcate distally, inner apical process rod-like, outer one strongly produced (S. kolophon-group. Figs 9-12) …  9

8’- Parameres thin, elongate, inner apical process strongly reduced or absent (S. albofimbriata-group; figures 13-14) … 13

9 Head with frons, clypeus, genae and anterior part of vertex shiny dark brown …………… colorata

9’- – Head otherwise colored … 10

10 Frons, clypeus and genae pale yellow or stramineous, in some specimens a slight brown suffusion at lower area of frons and around the ocelli (Figs 35-38) … kolophon

 10’- Head with dark brown genae (e.g. Fig. 72) … 11

11 Frons with area between the carinae fuscous or dark brown (Figs 58, 60); forewing with apex of clavus with brown marking (Figs 61, 62) … molina

11’- Frons with area between the carinae stramineous or pale yellow, apex of clavus without brown marking … 12

12. Parameres with outer apical corner produced in a medially distinct broadened process (e.g. Fig. 12) … vibix

12’- Outer apical corner of parameres strongly produced in a long, slender process which tapers continuously to apex (Fig. 11) …  nigrigenis

13 Parameres with broad base, then narrowing to truncate apex (Fig. 14)  … krugeri

13’- Parameres narrowing conically to apex, to small edge subapically on inner margin (Fig. 13) … albofimbriata

 

Sogatella kolophon (photos of specimens by Kimberley Shropshire, University of Delaware, Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology)

Note the bifurcate apex of the parameres and the gena (‘cheeks’) of the face of the male is straw-colored (instead of dark in S. molina).

Sogatella molina

Compared to S. kolophon, notice the dark genae (‘cheeks’ of the face), and the slightly different shape of the parameres.

Sogatella furcifera – Does not occur in the New World.  Reports of this species in the New World have been through misidentification (See Asche and Wilson 1990).  (Although I had heard that a population was exterminated in Florida).

Notice the dark face and the different shape of the parameres.

See also Leafhopper, Planthopper & Psyllid Vectors of Plant Disease Sogatella furcifera

Sogatella vibix – Does not occur in the New World

Notice the pale face and dark genae (‘cheeks’) compared to S. furcifera and S. kolophon, and the differently shaped paramere compared to S. furcifera.

Sogatella unidentata Mariani & Remes Lenicov, 2017

Online resources

FLOW
EOL
Discover Life
American Insects
Bugguide
Ricehoppers
Insects of Australia
Leafhopper, Planthopper & Psyllid Vectors of Plant Disease (search=Sogatella, if that works
BOLD.
Plantwise.
CABI.

Fact sheet (Pacific Pests and Pathogens)

Web Images

Flickr (search=sogatella) (quite a few apparently irrelevant images)

Molecular resources

A considerable variety of molecular resources are available on Genbank for Sogatella furcifera here. The whole genome is available for S. furcifera (see Wang et al. 2017, et cit.)   BOLD indicates barcodes are available for 4 species plus undet. and misplaced.

Selected references

[Listed references are intended to include all taxonomic works and nomenclatural acts for the genus; also country and state records and biology such as plant associations, parasites, predators and life history are included; it is very unlikely to be complete]

Adjei-Afriyie, F., C.-S. Kim, M. Takemura, M. Ishikawa and M. Horiike. 2000. Isolation and identification of the probing stimulants in the rice plant for the white-back planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry. 64(2): 443-446.

Ammar, E. D. 1977. Biology of the planthopper Sogatella vibix (Haupt) in Giza, Egypt (Hom., Delphacidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 24(1-3): 151-158.

Ammar, E. D., O. Lamie and I. A. Khodeir. 1980. Biology of the planthopper Sogatella furcifera Horv. in Egypt. (Hom, Delphacidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 27(1-3): 21-27.

Anufriev, G. A. 1977. Delphacids (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha) of the Kurile Islands Fauna. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 56(6): 855-869 [Russian with English Summary].

Anufriev, G. A. 2009. Cicadina. Pp. 52-69.  In: 2009. Insects of Lazovsky Nature Reserve., Russian Academy of Sciences, Far Eastern Branch, Institute of biology and soil Science, Vladivostok Dalnauka (Russia).

Anufriev, G. A. and A. F. Emeljanov. 1988. Volume II: Homoptera and Heteroptera. In: P.A. Lehr (ed.). Keys to the Insects of the Far East of the USSR in Six Volumes, Transliteration of the Russian title: Opredelitel’ nasekomykh Dal’nego Vostoka SSSR v shesti tomakh. Vol. 2. Ravnokrylye i poluzhestkokrylye. In: P.A. Lehr, (ed.). Keys to the Insects of the Far East of the USSR in Six Volume. Nauka, Leningrad. [English translation]

Asche, M. 1982. Beitrage zur Delphaciden-Fauna der Turkei (Anatolien) (Homoptera Cicadina Delphacidae). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 1(7): 71-98.

Asche, M. 1988. Delphacidae from Cote d’Ivoire (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Revue Francaise d’Entomologie (Nouvelle Serie) 10(2): 151-231.

Asche, M. 1997. A review of the systematics of Hawaiian planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). Pacific Science 51: 366-376.

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