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Contents
Family Delphacidae Leach, 1815
Subfamily Asiracinae Motschulsky 1863: 108.
Tribe Idiosystanini Emeljanov, 1995
Genus Pentagramma Van Duzee, 1897: 260.
Type species (in original combination): Liburnia vittatifrons Uhler, 1876.
Distribution: North America and Temperate South America.
Distribution of Pentagramma from FLOW (28 June 2017)
Generic synonyms
Bergia Scott, 1881 (Type species Liburnia nimbata Berg, 1879); Synonym by Asche, 1985: 283.
Bergias Kirkaldy, 1904 (Type species Liburnia nimbata Berg, 1879); New name for unavailable Bergia Scott, 1881; Synonym by Asche, 1985: 283.
Lepticus Crawford, 1914 (type species Lepticus oculatus Crawford, 1914, based on a nymph) ; Synonym by Dozier, 1926: 257; see also Muir 1926: 3.
Recognized species
There are eight recognized species currently placed in this genus, plus an undescribed species from south temperate South America (currently being described); P. nimbata and P. nigrifrons may not be distinct.
Pentagramma bivittata Crawford, 1914: 566– USA: Ohio, Kansas, Nebraska, Texas; Nicaragua, Guyana; Netherlands
Antilles; Puerto Rico; Trinidad
Pentagramma cosquina Penner, 1947 – Argentina, Brazil?, Uruguay
Pentagramma douglasensis Penner, 1947 – Canada: Manitoba, Saskatchewan; USA: Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah.
= Pentagramma variegata Penner, 1947; syn, by Hedrick-Zeller and Wilson 2010: 234.
Pentagramma longistylata Penner, 1947 – USA: Florida, Oklahoma, Texas (also reported Montana).
Pentagramma lueri Campodonico, 2017 – Chile (Also Argentina)
Pentagramma nigrifrons Muir, 1934 – Argentina
Pentagramma nimbata (Berg, 1879: 191) – Argentina
= Liburnia nimbata Berg 1879.
= Bergia nimbata (Berg, 1879); new comb. by Scott, 1881: 155.
= Bergias nimbata (Berg, 1879); new comb. by Muir, 1926: 36.
= Pentagramma nimbata (Berg, 1879); new comb by Asche, 1985: 283 by implication.
Pentagramma vittatifrons (Uhler, 1876: 351) – Canada: Saskatchewan; USA: Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming
= Liburnia vittatifrons Uhler 1876: 351.
= Pentagramma vittatifrons (Uhler 1876); comb. by Van Duzee 1897: 260.
Plant associations
Species with known hosts are monphagous on bullrushes (Schoenoplectus spp., = Scirpus spp.; Cyperaceae).
Pentagramma douglasensis – Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C. C. Gmel.) Palla (= Scirpus validus Vahl).
Pentagramma longistylata – Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller (= Scirpus americanus Pers.).
Pentagramma vittatifrons – Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla (= Scirpus pungens Vahl).
Pentagramma lueri – Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Soják (Cyperaceae)
Hosts from Hedrick-Zeller & Wilson (2010), also Wilson et al. (1994) and Campodonico, (2017); see also host associations listed in FLOW; plant names according to USDA PLANTS database.
Economic Importance: Limited.
Recognition
This genus revised by Hedrick-Zeller and Wilson (2010); previously revised by Penner (1947).
Key from Penner, 1947
Key from Hedrick-Zeller and Wilson (2010)
Pentagramma douglasensis
Pentagramma cosquina
Pentagramma vittatifrons
Pentagramma lueri
Pentagramma lueri
Pentagramma lueri
Pentagramma lueri labels
Pentagramma lueri
FIGURES 1–5. Pentagramma lueri sp. nov (Campodonico 2017). 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, lateral view. 3. Female habitus, dorsal view. 4. Female head, ventral view. 5. Male head, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Plates from Campodonico, 2017
FIGURES 1–5. Pentagramma lueri sp. nov (Campodonico 2017). 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. 2. Male habitus, lateral view. 3. Female habitus, dorsal view. 4. Female head, ventral view. 5. Male head, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Pentagramma lueri Campodonico 2017 (from Campodonico 2017)
Pentagramma lueri Campodonico 2017 (from Campodonico 2017)
FIGURES 6–14. Pentagramma lueri sp. nov. (Campodonico 2017), male. 6. Hind leg. 7. Genitalia, lateral view. 8. Genitalia, ventral view. 9. Pygopher, caudal view. 10. Phallus, lateral view. 11. Phallus, ventral view. 12–14. Segment X and segment XI: 12. Dorsal view. 13. Left lateral view. 14. Right lateral view. Scale bars Figs 6–8 = 1 mm; Figs 9–14 = 0.5 mm.
FIGURES 15–21. Pentagramma lueri sp. nov.(Campodonico 2017), female. 15. Genitalia, lateral view. 16. Genitalia, ventral view. 17. Gonoplac. 18. Gonapophyses IX. 19. Gonapophysis VIII. 20. Detail of apex of gonapophysis VIII. 21. Gonocoxa VIII. Scale bars Figs 15–19, 21 = 1 mm; Fig. 20 = 0.5 mm.
Online resources
Pentagramma (not the plant) on …
Bugguide
EOL
FLOW
Discover Life
Molecular resources
Unfortunately, there is a fern genus by the same name, and the databases conflate the plant with the insect. Genbank has the Pentagramma vittatifrons data from Urban et al. 2010. Bold has data for 5 taxa (but one is a synonym. Urban et al. (2010) sequence 4 genetic loci (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, wingless, and cytochrome oxidase I) for Pentagramma vittatifrons.
Selected references
Asche, M. 1985. Zur Phylogenie der Delphacidae Leach, 1815 (Homoptera: Cicadina: Fulgoromorpha). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2(1): 1-398 AND 2(2): 399-910.
Barringer, L. E. and C. R. Bartlett. 2011. A review of New World Asiracinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Delphacidae) with five new taxa. Cicadina 12: 7-39.
Bartlett, C. R., L. B. O’Brien and S. W. Wilson. 2014. A review of the planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 50: 1-287.
Berg, C. 1879. Hemiptera. Argentina. (Continuacion.). Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 8: 178-192.
Campodonico, J. F. 2017. A new species of Pentagramma Van Duzee (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Asiracinae) from Chile, with notes on the host relations of the Idiosystatini Emeljanov. Zootaxa 4291(3). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4291.3.
Crawford, D. L. 1914a. A contribution toward a monograph of the homopterous insects of the family Delphacidae of North and South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 46: 557-640, plus 6 plates. (Pentagramma on p. 565),
Dozier, H. L. 1926a. Notes on new and interesting delphacids. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 34:257-263.
Emeljanov, A. F. 1995. On the problem of classification and phylogeny of the family Delphacidae (Homoptera, Cicadina) taking into consideration larval characters. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 74(4): 780-794&944-945. [Russian] [English Transaltion: Emeljanov. 1996. Entomological Review 75(9):134-150]
Hedrick-Zeller, M. M. and S. W. Wilson. 2010. The planthopper genus Pentagramma in the United States: morphology of the male and female genitalia (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Journal of The Kansas Entomological Society 83(3): 231-239.
Kirkaldy, G. W. 1904c. Bibliographical and nomenclatorial notes on the Hemiptera. No. 3. The Entomologist 37: 279-283.
Leach, W. E. 1815a. Entomology. The Edinburg encyclopedia; conducted by David Brewster 9: 57-172. (family Delphacidae page 125).
Metcalf, Z. P. 1923a. A key to the Fulgoridae of Eastern North America with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 38: 139-230. (see, e.g., p. 166)
Metcalf, Z. P. 1943. General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fascicle IV, Fulgoroidea, Part 3, Araeopidae (Delphacidae). Smith College, Northhampton, Massachusetts. (Pentagramma entry begins on. 47.)
De Motschulsky, V. I. 1863. Essai d’un catalogue des insectes de l’ile de Ceylan. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 36: 1-153. (Delphacidae p. 108)
Muir, F.A.G. 1926b. Contributions to our knowledge of South American Fulgoroidea (Homoptera). Part I. The Family Delphacidae. Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, Entomological Series, Bulletin 18:1-51, plates 1-5.
Muir, F. A. G. 1934. New and little-known Fulgoroidea (Homoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) 14: 561-586
Penner, L. R. 1947. Some notes on the genus Pentagramma and four new species. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 20(1): 30-39.
Scott, J. 1881. On certain South American Delphacidae. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 18: 154-156.
Uhler, P. R. 1876. List of Hemiptera of the region west of the Mississippi River, including those collected during the Hayden Exploration of 1873. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 1(5): 269-361.
Urban J. M., C. R. Bartlett and J. R. Cryan. 2010. Evolution of Delphacidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea): combined-evidence phylogenetics reveals importance of grass host shifts. Systematic Entomology 35(4): 678-691.
Van Duzee, E. P. 1897a. A preliminary review of the North American Delphacidae. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 5(5): 225-261. (Pentagramma on p. 260)
Wilson, S. W. and A. G. Wheeler, Jr. 1986. Pentagramma longistylata (Homoptera: Delphacidae): Descriptions of immature stages. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 94(1): 126-133.
Wilson, S. W., C. Mitter, R. F. Denno and M. R. Wilson. 1994. Evolutionary patterns of host plant use by delphacid planthoppers and their relatives. In: R.F. Denno and T.J. Perfect (eds.). Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management. Chapman and Hall, New York. Pp. 7-45 & Appendix.
