Genus Dicranotropis Fieber 1866

[back to Higher Classification of Delphacidae]
[back to A checklist of New World delphacid species]

Family Delphacidae Leach, 1815

Subfamily Delphacinae Leach, 1815

Tribe Delphacini Leach, 1815

Genus Dicranotropis Fieber 1866: 521

Type species (in original combination): Delphax hamata Boheman, 1847.

Subgenera: The recognized subgenera are Dicranotropis (includes D. hamata) and Leimonodite Kirkaldy 1907: 133 (footnote at bottom of page) (includes D. beckeri [type species], D. divergens, and D. montana), but all species have not been assigned to subgenera.

According to Kirkaldy, 1907 the subgenus Leimonodite is characterized as having the median carina of the front being separated nearly to the frontoclypeal suture.

Generic synonymy:

Phacalastor Kirkaldy, 1906: 408 (type species Phacalastor pseudomaidis Kirkaldy, 1906: 408); Synonymy made by Muir, 1915: 266, but Phacalastor treated as valid by Fennah, 1965: 17; 1975: 91-92 and subsequent authors (but no statement was made regarding the prior synonymy with Dicranotropis). Here Phacalastor is considered valid.

Misspellings
Dicaanotropis in Handlirsch, 1925
Dicranotopis in Lethierry, 1874
Dicranitropis in Beamer, 1950

Distribution

Mostly Palearctic, but with species placed in the genus in Africa, Australia, and the Neotropics (although the latter recently transferred out – to be updated here).  There are no species of Dicranotropis in North America.

Recognized species

25 currently valid names in the genus, although it is entirely possible I have not found all the synonyms.  Stated distributions may be incomplete.  The genus, as it stands, is unlikely to be monophyletic – there are too many obscure names placed here, and it was used to place diverse species were the median carina of the frons divides on the face (instead of near the fastigium).

New World species (these species probably incorrectly placed to genus)

1 Dicranotropis basifuscata (Fowler, 1905: 134) – Mexico (Guerrero)
= Liburnia basifuscata Fowler, 1905: 134.
= Megamelus basifuscatus (Fowler, 1905); comb. by Crawford, 1914: 630.
= Dicranotropis basifuscatus (Fowler, 1905); comb. by Muir and Giffard, 1924: 14.
2 Dicranotropis bipectinata Muir, 1926b – Ecuador, Chile (North)

Old World species
1 Dicranotropis alope Fennah, 1961 – Senegal
2 Dicranotropis aristoxena Kirkaldy, 1907: 134 – Australia: Queensland
3 Dicranotropis (Leimonodite) beckeri Fieber, 1866 –  Armenia, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Russia, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Turkestan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
= Leimonodite beckeri Fieber, 1866; comb. by Kirkaldy 1907: 133; also Metcalf 1943: 288.
4 Dicranotropis botelensis Matsumura, 1940 – Taiwan
5 Dicranotropis (Leimonodite) divergens Kirschbaum, 1868 – Widespread in Europe,  Russia;  Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
= Dicranotropis carpathica Horvath, 1884: 318; syn. by Wagner, 1963.
6 Dicranotropis esakii Ishihara, 1949 – Japan
7 Dicranotropis fumosa Matsumura, 1910: 18 – Japan, Taiwan
8 Dicranotropis granulipennis Kato, 1932 – Japan
9 Dicranotropis hamata (Boheman, 1847: 45) [Metcalf 1943: 234] – widespread Europe, Russia (Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,  Czech Republic, Denmark, East Palaearctic, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia , Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway,  North Africa, Poland, Romania, Russia (Central European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukraine , Yugoslavia.
10 Dicranotropis insignis Muir, 1926a – Mentawei Islands (East Indies)
11 Dicranotropis jamiana Matsumura, 1940 – Taiwan
12 Dicranotropis lunaris Melichar, 1905: 286 – Tanzania
13 Dicranotropis lunulifera (Melichar, 1912) – Congo, “French Equatorial Africa”
= Peregrinus lunulifer Melichar, 1912 previous combination of Dicranotropis lunulifera (Melichar, 1912) according to Muir (1926)
14 Dicranotropis manicata (Hesse, 1925) – South Africa
= Liburnia manicata Hesse, 1925 previous combination of Dicranotropis manicata (Hesse, 1925) according to Muir (1929)
= Laodelphax manicata (Hesse, 1925) previous combination of Dicranotropis manicata (Hesse, 1925)
15 Dicranotropis montanella Lindberg, 1958 – Cape Verde Island
16 Dicranotropis (Leimonodite) montana (Horvath, 1897: 625) – Austria, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Russia (Altai Mtns); Mongolia; China (Hebei), Switzerland, Germany, France
= Dicranotropis tenellula Dlabola, 1965; syn. by Asche 1982 [Fix in FLOW].
= Dicranotropis gratiosa Dlabola, 1997: 315; syn. by Holzinger, 1999 [Needs to be fixed in FLOW].
= Dicranotropis montanus Vilbaste 1965: 15; syn. by Asche 1982.
17 Dicranotropis narnia Fennah, 1958 – Senegal
18 Dicranotropis palamedes Fennah, 1958 – South Africa
19    Dicranotropis (Dicranotropis) remaniaca Guglielmino, D’Urso & Bückle, 2016 – Germany, Italy, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland
20 Dicranotropis (Dicranotropis) sagata Logvinenko, 1976 – Russia (Georgia)
21 Dicranotropis tikuzenensis Matsumura & Ishihara, 1949 – Japan (Kyushu, Shikoku)
22 Dicranotropis turneri Muir, 1929 – South Africa
23 Dicranotropis  (Dicranotropis) zenata Logvinenko, 1969 – Russia (Georgia)

Taxonomic and nomenclatural changes/Old and invalid combinations

Recently transferred to Neodelphax Remes Lenicov and Brentassi, 2017
Dicranotropis acheron Fennah, 1957: 381 – Chile: Juan Fernandez Island
Dicranotropis fuscoterminata (Berg, 1879) – Argentina –
= Liburnia fuscoterminata Berg, 1879: 296.
= Megamelus fuscoterminata (Berg, 1879); comb. by Crawford, 1914: 632.
= Delphacodes fuscoterminata (Berg, 1879); comb. by Muir, 1926: 38.
= Dicranotropis fuscoterminata (Berg, 1879); syn. by Remes Lenicov, 1996: 124.
= Liburnia nigricula Berg, 1879: 190; syn. by Remes Lenicov, 1996: 124.
= Megamelus nigricula (Berg, 1879); comb. by Crawford, 1914: 632.
= Delphacodes nigricula (Berg, 1879); comb. by Muir, 1926: 37.
Dicranotropis incerta (Van Duzee, 1897: 258) was transferred to Delphacodes by Oman 1947 and subsequently to Javesella by Bartlett et al. 2014.
Dicranotropis albovittata Matsumura, 1900: 269. – Japan; to Terthron by Fennah 1965: 56 (the Aust. & New Zealand paper)
Dicranotropis anaxarchi Muir, 1926 – Cape Provence (South Africa) – to Delphacodoides Muir 1929 by Drosopoulos et al. 1983.
Dicranotropis aristoxena Kirkaldy, 1907 – Australia (Queensland) (see also Bellis et al. 2013, Bellis & Donaldson 2016) (valid combination but uncertian placement)
Dicranotropis bakeri Crawford, 1914: 598, now Pissonotus piceus (Van Duzee, 1894); syn. by Bartlett & Deitz 2000: 107-116.
Dicranotropis bakeri abdominalis Crawford, 1914; now Pissonotus abdominalis (Crawford, 1914); comb. by Bartlett and Deitz, 2000: 102.
Dicranotropis basalis Crawford, 1914; error, should be Van Duzee, 1897
Dicranotropis bridwelli Muir, 1920 (Nigeria, West Africa) to Thriambus in Asche 1988: 216 (or before – new comb. not indicated)
Dicranotropis capensis Muir, 1926:28 to Nycheuma capensis (Muir, 1926) (as type species) by Fennah, 1964:145
Dicranotropis cervina Muir, 1917 – Philippines (Luzon) – Type species of Ecdelphax Yang 1989: 137 (as Ecdelphax cervinus) by original designation.
Dicranotropis cognata Muir, 1917 (Australia) – to Nycheuma cognita (Muir)  by Fennah (1969) then syn. with Nycheuma anderida (Kirkaldy) by Bellis and Donaldson (2015) (See also Fennah 1965: 20 (the Aust. & New Zealand paper)
Dicranotropis corporaali Muir, 1923:173 (Sumatra, Indonesia), to Numata corporaali by Fennah (1978: 222)
Nycheuma dimorpha (Matsumura, 1910) – Italy, Sicily
= Dicranotropis dimorpha Matsumura, 1910: 37.
= Cemus dimorpha (Matsumura), comb. by Nast 1984
= Dicranotropis capensis Muir, 1926; syn. by Asche 1988: 195 (this species to Nycheuma by Fennah 1964: 145).
= Dicranotropis ibadanensis Muir, 1920 (Nigeria); syn. by Asche 1988: 195
= Dicranotropis idas Fennah, 1958 to Nycheuma idas (Fennah, 1958) by Fennah, 1964: 145; subsequently syn of Nycheuma dimorpha (Matsumura, 1910) by Asche 1988: 195.
Dicranotropis ephorus Fennah 1958; to Thriambus by Fennah 1964: 144.
Dicranotropis fuscicaudata Muir, 1917 – (Philippines, Australia (Queensland), Papua New Guinea) – To Hagamiodes fuscicaudata (Muir) (Type species of genus) by Fennah, 1975; see also Yang 1989: 102.
Dicranotropis nitida Haupt, 1924  (Europe); syn. with Ditropsis flavipes (Signoret 1865) by Wagner 1963: 175.
Dicranotropis nicias Fennah 1958; to Thriambus by Fennah 1964: 144.
Dicranotropis obscurella Lallemand, 1925; to Thriambus obscurellus (Lallemand, 1925) by Fennah, 1969: 12; Asche 1988: 216.
= Dicranotropis tortuosa Lindberg, 1956; jr. syn of Thriambus obscurellus (Lallemand, 1925) by Asche (1988: 216)
= Dicranotropis orodes Fennah, 1958; jr. syn of Thriambus obscurellus (Lallemand, 1925) by Asche (1988: 216)
Dicranotropis pallidinervis Muir, 1926 (Brazil) – Transferred to Nicetor by Fennah, 1963
Dicranotropis pondolandensis Muir, 1929; to Thrambus by Fennah 1964: 144; see also  Asche 1988: 218.
Dicranotropis pseudomaidis (Kirkaldy, 1906) – Fiji, New Caledonia (see Phacalastor)
Dicranotropis sectator Fennah 1953: 698; to Nycheuma by Fennah 1969: 23.
Dicranotropis stramineus Muir, 1929; type species of Thriambus by Fennah 1964: 144; subsequently made jr syn of Thriambus pondolandensis (Muir, 1929) by Asche 1988: 218.
Dicranotropis turneri Muir, 1929 – Cape Provence (South Africa) – Error for Delphacodes turneri Muir, 1929; to Afrocoronacella turneri (Muir, 1926), comb. by Asche 1988: 156,
Perkinsiella fuscifrons Muir, 1911 to Dicranotropis fuscifrons (Muir, 1911) by Muir (1917: 317) to Paraconon fuscifrons (Muir, 1911) according to Ding (2006): 295.
See also Thriambus Fennah, 1964 in Fennah 1964, 1969; Asche 1988.

Plant associations

Dicranotropis beckeri – Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. ssp. pectinatum (M. Bieb.) Tzvelev (crested wheatgrass) as Agropyron pectiniforme Roem. & Schult.
Dicranotropis divergens: Grasses – Nardus sp., Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata, Holcus sp.
Dicranotropis fumosa: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
Dicranotropis hamata: Maize, Oats, Grasses – Elymus repens, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Holcus sp.

Hosts from Wilson et a;. (1994) and Holzinger et al. (2003).

Economic importance

Dicranotropis fuscoterminata has been reported in and near Maize in Argentina. Dicranotropis fumosa has been reported on sugarcane, and an undetermined Dicranotropis on rice in the Philippines (Luzon Island).

Dicranotropis hamata (Boheman) is a reported vector of Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV), Oat sterile dwarf virus (OSDV), and Phleum green stripe virus (PGSV).  See also Leafhopper, Planthopper and Psyllid Vectors of Plant Disease website

Recognition

I have no photos of the South American species.

A characteristic feature of the genus is the conspicuous carinae of the frons with the middle carina forked low on the face. All photos below are of males.  The diagnostic features at the species level are mainly those of male genitalia.

Dicranotropis beckeri

Dicranotropis divergens

Dicranotropis hamata – the expanded dorsal portion of the male pygofer is a characteristic of the species.

Online resources

EOL
FLOW
Discover Life
Bugguide (not present)
Gernot Kunz Kunzweb Gallery Europe (Dicranotropis divergens and D. hamata)
Leafhopper, Planthopper & Psyllid Vectors of Plant Disease (Dicranotropis hamata listed)
Insects of Australia (Dicranotropis aristoxenus and D. fuscifrons listed)
3I Interactive Keys and Taxonomic Databases (Dmitry Dmitriev)

Web Images

Flickr (search=Dicranotropis)
Dicranotropis hamata on British Bugs
Dicranotropis divergens on British Bugs

Molecular resources

GenBank includes at least some sequence data for 2 (putative) species (D. beckeri and D. hamata) – one listed in Genbank is actually a Phacalastor (Phacalastor pseudomaidis), and one has been transferred to Neodelphax. BOLD has data for 1 species although 3 are in the database.

Selected References

(additional references and links to BHL always under construction)

Asche, M. 1982. Zur Kenntnis einiger von Geza Horvath beschriebener Delphaciden (Homoptera Cicadina Fulgoromorpha). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 1(7): 25-36. [Dicranotropis (Leimonodite) tenellula Dlabola, 1965, Dicranotropis (Leimonodite) montanus Vilbaste, 1965]

Asche, M. 1982. Beitrage zur Delphaciden-Fauna Ungarns (Homoptera Cicadina Delphacidae) in Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 1(7): 139-154.

Asche, M. 1982. Beitrage zur Delphaciden-Fauna der Turkei (Anatolien) (Homoptera Cicadina Delphacidae) in Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 1(7): 71-98.

Asche, M. 1982. Beitrage zur Delphaciden-Fauna Jugoslawiens und Bulgariens (Homoptera Cicadina Delphacidae) in Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 1(7): 99-138.

Asche, M. 1983. Zur Identitat von Dicranotropis anaxarchi Muir, 1926, Delphacodoides ornata Muir, 1929 und Alatades trilineus Dlabola, 1957 (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha Delphacidae). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 1(8): 227-234.

Asche, M. 1988. Delphacidae from Cote d’Ivoire (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Revue Francaise d’Entomologie (Nouvelle Serie) 10(2): 151-231.

Asche, M. and H. Hoch. 1982.  Beitrage zur Delphaciden-Fauna Griechenlands II (Homoptera Cicadina Delphacidae) in Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 1(7): 37-70.

Asche, M. and H. Hoch. 1986. Cixiidae and Delphacidae (Homoptera – Fulgoroidea) from Lebanon – a preliminary synopsis in Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress Concerning the Rhynchota Fauna of Balkan and Adjacent Regions: 18-19.

Asche, M. and R. Remane. 1982.  Beitrage zur Delphaciden-Fauna Griechenlands I (Homoptera Cicadina Delphacidae) in Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 1(6): 231-290.

Beamer, R. H. 1950. Five new genera of delphacine fulgorids (Homoptera – Fulgoridae – Delphacinae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 23(4): 128-133.

Bellis, G. A., J. F. Donaldson, V. Quintao, A. Rice, D. Tenakanai and L. Tran-Nguyen. 2013. New records of Delphacini (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Delphacinae) from Australia, Timor Leste and Papua New Guinea, and an updated checklist of Delphacini from Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology 53(2): 167-174. doi:10.1111/aen.12069,

Bellis, G .A. and J. F. Donaldson. 2016. Reassessment of some of Kirkaldy’s Australian species of Delphacini (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Delphacinae). Austral Entomology DOI: 10.1111/aen.12180.

Berg, C. 1879a-d. Hemiptera Argentina (Continuacion). Hemiptera Homoptera Latr. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina 8: 135-144, 178-192, 209-226, 241-272.

Berg, C. 1879f. Addenda. In Hemiptera Argentina enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit Carolus Berg. P. E. Coni. Bonariae; Hamburgo.

Boheman, C. H. 1847. Nya Svenska Homoptera. Handlingar. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien 1847: 23-67.

Campodonico, J. F. 2017.  New distributional records of Delphacidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from Chile. Arquivos Entomolóxicos 17: 119-128.

Campodonico, J. F. 2015. Sobre la distribución de Dicranotropis acheron Fennah, 1957 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) en Chile. Arquivos Entomolóxicos 14: 265-268.

Crawford, D. L. 1914a. A contribution toward a monograph of the homopterous insects of the family Delphacidae of North and South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 46:557-640, plus 6 plates.

Cvrkovic, T., M. Mitrovic, J. Jovic, S. Krnjajic, O. Krstic and I. Tosevski. 2010. Diverzitet cikada (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) u vinogradima Srbije. Zastita Bilja 61(3): 217-232.

Cvrkovic, T., J. Jovic, M. Mitrovic, O. Krstic, S. Krnjajic and I. Tosevski. 2011.  Potential new hemipteran vectors of stolbur phytoplasma in Serbian vineyards. Bulletin of Insectology 64 (supp.): S129-S130.

D’Urso, V. 1995. Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha in In: Checklist delle specie della Fauna Italiana 42: 1-35.

de Remes Lenicov, A. M. M. and M. E. Brentassi. 2017. New taxa and combinations in Neotropical Delphacini (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). Zootaxa 4281 (1): 280–290.

Ding Jin-Hua. 2006. Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Homoptera Delphacidae. 45: 776 pp. Editorial Committee of Fauna Sinica, Academia Sinica. Science Press, Beijing (China).

Dlabola, J. 1965. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. 54; Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha. [Auchenorrhyncha from Kaszab expedition to Mongolia]. Acta Faunistica Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 11: 79-136.

Dlabola, J. 1997.  Mycterodus verwandte Taxone und sieben neue Zikadenarten (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 44 (1995): 301-319.

Dlabola, J. and L. Jankivic. 1981.  Drei neue Erythria-Arten und einige Erganzungen der jugoslawischen Zikadenfauna in Bulletin Tom LXXV de l’Academie Serbe des Sciences et des Arts. Classe des Sciences naturelles et mathematiques, No. 21: 67-79.

Drosopoulos, S., M. Asche and H. Hoch. 1983. Contribution to the planthopper fauna of Greece. Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae). Annales de l’Institut Phytopathologique Benaki (N.S.) 14: 19-68.

Emeljanov, A. F. 1982. Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) collected in the Mongolian People’s Republic by the entomofaunistical group of the Soviet Mongolian complex biological expedition in 1970-1975. Insects Mongolia 8: 69-122.

Fennah, R. G. 1957. Los insectos de las Islas Juan Fernández 29. Fulgoroidea. Revista Chilena de Entomologia 5: 375-384.

Fennah, R. G. 1958. Fulgoroidea from West Africa. Bulletin de l’Institut Français Afrique Noire. (Ser. A) 20: 460-538.

Fennah, R. G. 1961. Le Parc National de Niokolo-Koba. XXXIII. Homoptera Fulgoroidea. Memoires de l’institute Francaises de l’Afrique Noire 62: 305-320.

Fennah, R. G. 1963. New Delphacidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) from South America and West Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13(5):689-700.

Fennah, R. G. 1964. Delphacidae from Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 116: 131-150.

Fennah, R. G. 1969. Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands. Pacific Insects Monography 21: 1-116. (PDF available here).

Fennah, R. G. 1975. Homoptera: Fulgoroidea and Delphacidae from Ceylon. Entomologica Scandinavica 4: 79-136 [90].

Fennah, R. G. 1978. Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from Vietnam. Annales Zoologici Warszawa 34(9): 207-279.

Fieber, F. X. 1866b. Grundzüge zur generischen Theilung der Delphacini. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologish-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 16: 517-534.

Fowler, W. W. 1904. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. (Continued). Biologia Centrali-Americana 1: 85-124 (1904), 125-139 (1905).

Gebicki C., D. Swierczewski and J. Szwedo. 2013. Planthoppers and leafhoppers of Poland (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha). Systematics. Check-list. Bionomy. The Monograph. Annals of the Upper Silesia Museum, Entomology 21-22: 5-259.

Guglielmino A., V. D’Urso and C. Bückle. 2016. Revision of the Dicranotropis hamata group (Auchenorrhyncha, Delphacidae) and remarks on the implication of chiral dimorphism in its history. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift. Berlin 63(1): 89-108.

Gunthart, H. 1997. Die Zikaden des Schweizer Nationalparks und seiner Umgebung (Insecta: Auchenorrhyncha) in Nationalpark-Forschung in der Schweiz 88: 1-33.

Gunthart, H. and R. Muhlethaler. 2002. Provisorische Checklist der Zikaden der Schweiz (Insecta: Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha) in Denisia 04, zugleich Kataloge des OO. Landesmuseums, Neue Folge, 176: 329-338.

Handlirsch, A. 1925. Ordung: Homoptera (Latr.) Westw. (Homopteren) in Systematische Ubersicht (Schluss.). p. 1102-1126.  In: Schröder C. W. M. 1928. Handbuch der Entomologie, 3.

Haupt, H. 1924. Alte und neue Homoptera Mitteleuropas. Konowia. Zeitschrift für systematische Insektenkunde (mit Ausschluss von Coleopterologie und Lepidopterologie) unter Mitwirkung führender Entomologen 3: 285-300.

Hesse, A. J. 1925. Contributions to a knowledge of the fauna of South-West Africa. IV. Annals of the South African Museum 23: 1-190.

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Holzinger, W. E., I. Kammerlander and H. Nickel. 2003. Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha excluding Cicadellidae. Volume 1. The Auchenorrhyncha of Central Europe. Brill Academic Publishing, Leiden, Netherlands. 673 pp.

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Horváth, G. 1897. Homoptera nova ex Hungaria. Természetrajzi Füzetek 20: 620-643.

Jovic J., T. Cvrkovic, M. Mitrovic, O. Krstic, S. Krnjajic and I. Tosevski. 2010. Composition and Structure of planthoppers and leafhoppers assemblages in South Banat maize fields. Zastita Bilja 61(3): 233-247.

Kirkaldy, G. W. 1906. Leafhoppers and their natural enemies. (Pt. IX Leafhoppers. Hemiptera). Bulletin. Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association Experiment Station. Division of Entomology. Honolulu 1(9): 271-479.

Kirschbaum, C. L. 1868.  Die Cicadinen der Gegend von Wiesbaden und Frankfurt a.M. nebst einer Anzahl neuer oder schwer zu unterscheidender Arten aus anderen Gegenden Europas in Jahrbuch des Nassauer Vereins fur Naturkunde 21/22: 1-202.

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