Classification of the Flatidae

[formative draft]

The classification of Flatidae is currently incomplete and rather ambiguous.  The classification of provided in Metcalf (1957) has been little modified and many genera have been described without placement into higher categories. Medler incompletely reviewed Flatidae, moving genera among tribes, and excluding some from tribes as placed by Metcalf, but did not complete that work.  Some genera remain exclude from the tribe they were last formerly placed, but not subsequently placed elsewhere.

Medler (1988) briefly reviewed Flatini and in subsequent papers Medler (1999, 2000, 2001, 2006) made some changes to the higher taxonomy of flatids (viz. moved genera among tribes, raised subtribes to tribal level, subsumed some higher categories), but often did so without comment. Here, placements of genera in tribes are as placed in Metcalf (1957) or as placed subsequently (by the most recent authority, if sources disagree).   The classification presented below needs review, and may differ from FLOW.

There has been no quantitative phylogenetic work on Flatidae, and – oddly enough – no recent qualitative reclassification.

The treatment here is formative and incomplete; some literature still needs review.

Family Flatidae Spinola, 1839 (also see Distant 1906: 397; Muir 1923: 237)
= Flatoides Spinola 1839: 205; 0riginal spelling (subfamily; within Cicadariae, Fulgorellae, Issites).
= Poecillopterae Fieber, 1872: 3
= Poekillopterinae Fieber, 1872; status (subfamily) and syn. by Kirkaldy, 1899: 359; also Oshanin 1913: 6..
= Flatida Stål, 1866: 131; also Melichar (1903: 88); original spelling (subfamily).
= Poekillopteridae Fieber, 1872; status (family) by Kirkaldy 1906: 280, 281.
= Phalaenomorphidae Muller, 1940: 35, 164.
= Flattidae Spinola, 1839 (misspelling, in (e.g.) Lallemand 1958: 227)

Subfamily Flatinae Spinola 1839
Tribe Ceryniini Schmidt 1912: 96 (1928: 136)
Adelidoria Metcalf, 1952
Adexia Melichar, 1901
Bythopsyrna Melichar, 1901
Cenestra Stål, 1862
Cerynia Stål, 1862
Copsyrna Stål, 1862
Doriana Metcalf, 1952

Tribe Flatini Schmidt 1912: 97 (1932: 97) (see Medler 1988; defined as Indomalayan and Afrotropical, except 3 taxa)
Subtribe Flatina Schmidt 1912: 97 (1932: 97)
= Subtribe CRYPTOFLATINA Melichar 1923:56; syn. by Medler 1988: 61 [type species transferred to subtribe Flatina]
Cameruniola Strand, 1928
Cryptoflata Melichar, 1901
Daeda Banks, 1910
Decipha Medler, 1988 – Africa S. of Sahara
Flata Fabricius, 1798 (= Flatissa Metcalf, 1938)
Flatomorpha Melichar, 1901
Flatoptera Melichar, 1901
Flatula Melichar, 1901
Idume Stål, 1866
Insulume Medler, 1999
Kayania Distant, 1910
Melicharia Kirkaldy, 1900
Menora Medler, 1999
Miniscia Medler, 1991
Paranotus Karsch, 1890
Planata Medler, 1999
Safroka Medler 2001 – Southern Africa
Stenume Medler, 1999
Tormenis Medler, 1999
Walena Medler, 1999

[Satapa excluded; Medler 1988]

Tribe Flatissini Metcalf, 1938 [Metcalf & Bruner 1940][not valid, = Flatini]
Flatissa Metcalf, 1938; syn with Flata Fabricius, 1758 by Metcalf, 1957: 164, 549.

Tribe Lawanini Melichar 1923: 47; status (tribe) by … see Medler, 1999
= Subtribe LAWANINA Melichar 1923: 47
= Subtribe Scarpantina Melichar 1923: 36; syn. by … ? (see Medler 1999)
Arelate Stål, 1862 [excluded – Medler 1988]
Byllisana Metcalf & Bruner, 1948 [excluded – Medler 1988]
Circumdaksha Distant, 1910 [Phromniini in Medler 1999][Lawanina in FLOW]
Cromna Walker, 1857
Eumelicharia Kirkaldy, 1906
Flatosoma Melichar, 1901
Lawana Distant, 1906
Neocromna Distant, 1910 (to Nephesini see Melichar 2000) [Lawanina in FLOW]
Neodaksha Distant, 1910 (to Nephesini see Melichar 2000) [Lawanina in FLOW]
Oryxa Melichar, 1901
Paracromna Melichar, 1901 [excluded – Medler 1988, 1992]
Phylliana Metcalf, 1952
Pseudoryxa Schmidt, 1904

Subtribe Scarpantina Melichar, 1923
Colobesthes Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
Scarpanta Stål, 1862
Scarpantina Melichar, 1901

Tribe Nephesini Melichar 1923:12
= Subtribe NEPHESINA Melichar 1923:12
= Subtribe Cryptoflatina auctt [Melichar 1923:56] [Name not valid; Cryptoflata transferred to Flatina, Flatini by Medler 1988
Anormenis Melichar, 1923
Antillormenis Fennah, 1942
Anzora Medler, 1986
Epormenis Fennah, 1945
Flatormenis Melichar, 1923
Hansenia Melichar, 1901
Ilesia Fennah, 1942
Leptormenis Melichar, 1923
Melormenis Metcalf, 1938
Melormenoides Metcalf, 1954
Metcalfa Caldwell & Martorell, 1951
Monoflata Melichar, 1923
Nephesa Amyot & Serville, 1843
Ormenana Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
Ormenaria Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
Ormenis Stål, 1862
Ormenoides Melichar, 1923
Neoflata Melichar, 1923
Parthenormenis Fennah, 1949
Petrusa Stål, 1862

“Nephesiini” from Medler 1999, 2000 (Perhaps best treated as Flatinae incertae sedis)
Acrophaea Melichar, 1901
Acutisha Medler, 1991
Brysora Medler, 2000
Chaetormenis Melichar, 1923
Colgar Kirkaldy, 1900
Colgaroides Distant, 1910
Cromgar Medler, 2000
Cromnella Fennah, 1969
Cryomna Medler, 2000
Demina Medler, 2000
Desanta Medler, 2000
Dworena Medler, 1986
Erotana Medler, 2000
Euphanta Melichar, 1901 (from Siphantina, see Medler 2000)
Euryphantia Kirkaldy, 1906 (from Siphantina, see Medler 2000)
Garanta Medler, 2000
Humgar Medler, 2000
Hypsiphanta Jacobi, 1928
Ijagar Medler, 2000
Karrama Medler, 1988
Lecopia Medler, 1991
Neocromna Distant, 1910
Neodaksha Distant, 1910
Neomelicharia Kirkaldy, 1903
Neosephena Medler, 2000
Nivalios Zhang, Peng & Wang, 2011
Nullina Medler, 1991
Panormenis Melichar, 1923
Papuanella Distant, 1914
Paradaksha Distant, 1910
Paratella Melichar, 1901
Sabaethis Jacobi, 1916
Sanurus Melichar, 1901
Sephena Melichar, 1901
Shadaka Medler, 2000
Sosephena Medler, 1990
Taparella Medler, 1989
Trisephena Medler, 1990
Utakwana Distant, 1914 (from Siphantina, see Medler 2000)

Photos from The Papua Insects Foundation

Subtribe Phaedolina Melichar, 1923: 56 (Described as subtribe of Nephesini)
= Phaedolini Melichar, 1923: 56 (original spelling as subtribe)
Phaedolus Karsch – 2 species, Madagascar

Tribe Ormenisini Medler, 2001: 350 (Medler 2001: 350 indicates new status, not new tribe)
Anaya Distant, 1906
Ketumala Distant, 1906
Afrormenis Fennah, 1958 – East and South Africa
Paranotus Karsch, 1890 – Widespread in Africa south of Sahara
Ulundia Distant, 1910 – Africa south of Sahara, Madagascar

Tribe Phantiini Melichar 1923:12
Afrophantia Fennah, 1958 (Africa south of Sahara)
Apolexis Jacobi, 1936 (Angola)
Budginmaya Fletcher & Moir, 2009 (Australia)
Byllis Stål, 1866
Calauria Stål, 1866 (Africa)
Falcophantis Fletcher, 1988
Madoxychara Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2013
Mimophantia Matsumura, 1900
Paroxychara Lallemand & Synave, 1951 (East and South Africa, Madagascar)
Phantia Fieber, 1866 (Widespread, Africa, Europe)
Phantiopsis Melichar, 1905
Pulaha Distant, 1906
Soares Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2012
Summanus Distant, 1916

Tribe Phromniini Melichar 1923: 12
Acanthoflata Fennah, 1947
Alcaxor Fennah, 1947
Anthoflata Fennah, 1947
Circumdaksha Distant, 1910
Flatida White, 1846 – Africa, Indo-malaya
Ityraea Stål, 1866 (Africa)
Lechaea Stål, 1866
Ormenina Fennah, 1947
Phromnia Stål, 1862
Poeciloflata Melichar, 1901
Psenoflata Fennah, 1947 – Caribbean
Riculiflata Fennah, 1947

Tribe Phyllyphantini Melichar 1923: 36
= Subtribe Phyllyphantina Melichar 1923: 36; status (tribe) by… (see Medler 1992)
Amasha Medler, 1992
Flatopsis Melichar, 1902 (?)
Geisha Kirkaldy, 1900
Lasura Medler, 1992
Neosalurnis Distant, 1910
Phyllyphanta Amyot & Serville, 1843
Pulastya Distant, 1906
Salurnis Stål, 1870
Saurana Medler, 1992
Umidena Medler, 1992
Unnata Distant, 1906

Geisha distinctissima by Magnus Manske Wiki commons here.

Tribe Poekillopterini Kirkaldy 1907:9, 93
Poekilloptera Latreille, 1796

Tribe Pseudoflatini Melichar, 1923; new status (tribe) by Medler 2001: 341
Caesonia Stål, 1866 – 5 species Africa
Gyaria Stål, 1862 – 5 species, Africa
Xerona Medler 2001 – 2 species, South Africa
Dalapax Amyot & Serville, 1843 – 1 species Africa
Gyarina Melichar, 1901 – 2 species Africa s of Sahara

Unverified in Pseudoflatini
Cameruniola Strand – 1 species Africa
Colgar Kirkaldy – 29 species – Most Australia
Colgaroides Distant – 4 species, Australia
Lombokia Distant – 1 species – Indonesia etc.
Pauliana Lallemand, 1950 – 1 species, Madagascar
Rhinophantia Melichar, 1901 – 3 species Africa (north?)

Excluded genera
Eumelicharia Kirkaldy – 2 species, Africa (to Flatini: Scarpantina by Medler 1988)

Tribe Selizini Melichar 1923: 86
Afrocyarda Fennah, 1965
Afrodascalia Fennah, 1958
Afroseliza Fennah, 1961
Anadascalia Melichar, 1923
Anidora Melichar, 1901
Austrodascalia Fletcher, 1988
Barsac Fletcher, 1988
Cryptobarsac Fletcher & Moir, 2002
Cyarda Walker, 1858
Dascalia Stål, 1862
Dascaliomorpha Melichar, 1923
Dascanga Medler, 2000
Dascalina Melichar, 1902
Deocerus Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
Euhyloptera Fennah, 1945
Eurocalia Van Duzee, 1907
Eurocerus Metcalf, 1945
Exoma Melichar, 1902
Farona Melichar, 1901
Gomeda Distant, 1906
Hameishara Linnavuori, 1973
Hyphancylus Fowler, 1904
Leptodascalia Melichar, 1923
Locrona Fennah, 1945
Massila Walker, 1862
Meulona Zia, 1935 – Africa
Mistharnophantia Kirkaldy, 1907
Paradascalia Metcalf, 1938
Paraflatoptera Lallemand, 1939 – Africa
Paragomeda Distant, 1914
Paraketumala Distant, 1912
Planodascalia Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
Pseudodascalia Melichar, 1923
Pseudoseliza Peng, Wang & Zhang, 2010
Samcerus Medler, 1993
Satapa Distant, 1906
Scarposa Uhler, 1895
Seliza Stål, 1862 – Africa,..
Stenocyarda Fennah, 1965
Talopsus Medler, 1989
Urana Melichar, 1901
Zecheuna Zia, 1935 – Africa

Tribe Siphantini Melichar 1923: 36; status (tribe) by Medler 2001: 331 [see Medler 1999, 2000]
= Subtribe Siphantina Melichar 1923: 36 [Treated as a tribe in Medler 2000]
Parasiphanta Fletcher, 1988 (Australia)
Siphanta Stål, 1862 (Australia)

Aflata Melichar, 1901 [Fletcher places this genus in Nephesini]
Burnix Medler, 1988 [Fletcher places this genus in Nephesini]
Carthaeomorpha Melichar, 1901 (? In tribe, Medler 1988)
Dakshiana Metcalf & Bruner, 1948 (? In tribe, Medler 1988)
Euphanta Melichar, 1901
Euryphantia Kirkaldy, 1906
Geraldtonia Distant, 1910 [Fletcher places this genus in Nephesini]
Hesperophantia Kirkaldy, 1904 (? In tribe, Medler 1988)
Lesabes Medler, 1988 [Fletcher places this genus in Nephesini]
Sanurus Melichar, 1901 [in Nephesini in Medler 1999]
Utakwana Distant, 1914

Tribe Sisciini Melichar, 1923
Aulophorina Strand, 1928 (Afrotropical)
Euryprosthius Karsch, 1890 (Afrotropical)
Latois Stål, 1866 (Afrotropical)
Phlebopterum Stål, 1854 (Africa, Madagascar)
Siscia Stål, 1870 (Philippines)

Flatinae incertae sedis

Dixamflata Stroinski, Malenovsky & Swierczewski, 2016

Kesaflata Stroinski, Malenovsky & Swierczewski, 2016

Subfamily Flatoidinae Melichar, 1901
Tribe FLATOIDINI Melichar, 1901
Atracis Stål, 1866 – Africa,…
Atracodes Melichar, 1902
Cerfennia Stål, 1870 – Africa
Flataloides 1938
Flatarina Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
Flatarissa Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
Flatoides Guérin-Méneville, 1844
Flatoidinus Melichar, 1923
Jamella Kirkaldy, 1906
Malleja Medler, 1990
Metcracis Medler, 1993
Ortracis Medler, 1996 – Africa
Phalaenomorpha Amyot and Serville, 1843
Pseudoflatoides Metcalf, 1938
Staliana Medler, 1988 – Africa
Uxantis Stål, 1870

Taxa excluded from tribal placement found in Metcalf (1957)
Byllisana Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
Paracromna Melichar, 1901
Arelate Stål, 1862
Capistra Fennah, 1947
Flatiris Fennah, 1947

Placement not yet found (Metcalf needs review)

Afrexoma Fennah, 1976

Anatracis Fennah, 1958

Anggira Distant, 1906

Aphanophantia Kirkaldy, 1906

Atella Stål, 1866

Bahuflata Dlabola, 1979

Betracis Medler, 1988

Bochara Distant, 1906

Boretsis Medler, 1996

Catracis Medler, 1988

Chaturbuja Distant, 1906

Cisatra Melichar, 1923

Comnar Medler, 1988

Conflata Schmidt, 1912

Cyclopterum Gnezdilov & O’Brien, 2014

Cyphopterum Melichar, 1905

Daksha Distant, 1906

Danavara Distant, 1906

Delostenopium Jacobi, 1928

Dendrona Melichar, 1923

Derisa Melichar, 1901

Dermoflata Melichar, 1901

Diastracis Medler, 1988

Doria Melichar, 1901

Eudascalia Melichar, 1923

Eugyaria Synave, 1962

Eurima Melichar, 1901

Flatidissa Metcalf, 1952

Flatina Melichar, 1901

Flatoidessa Melichar, 1923

Flatosaria Melichar, 1923

Franciscus Distant, 1910

Gaja Distant, 1906

Giselia† Haupt, 1956

Grapaldus Distant, 1914

Gyariella Schmidt, 1924

Hilavrita Distant, 1906

Juba Jacobi, 1901

Kirkamflata Swierczewski, Malenovsky & Stroinski, 2014

Lemaria Medler, 1988

Lichena Melichar, 1901

Lichenopsis Schmidt, 1912

Madoxychara Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2013

Melichitona Metcalf, 1952

Mesophantia Melichar, 1901

Microflata Melichar, 1901

Mistaria Medler, 1988

Mosiona Melichar, 1923

Nakta Distant, 1906

Narowalenus Shakila, 1991

Neocalauria Synave, 1957

Neocerus Melichar, 1901

Neomistaria Yang & Chen, 2015

Neovariata Shakila, 1984

Ormenoflata Melichar, 1923

Paracalauria Synave, 1962

Paraflata Melichar, 1901

Paraflatoides Melichar, 1923

Paraseliza Melichar, 1923

Perinetella Synave, 1956

Persepolia Dlabola & Safavi, 1972

Peyrierasus Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2013

Phaedolus Karsch, 1890

Phaiophantia Lindberg, 1958

Phyllodryas Kirkaldy, 1913

Phymoides Distant, 1910

Poeciloptera Latreille, 1804

Porophloeus Melichar, 1902

Rabocha Melichar, 1923

Rhynchopteryx Van Duzee, 1914

Ricanoflata Melichar, 1923

Riodeorolix Lindberg, 1956

Scarpuna Medler, 2006

Soares Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2012

Sogalabana Stroinski & Swierczewski, 2014

Somisha Medler, 1991

Tejasa Distant, 1906

Tetraceratium Muir, 1924

Tisia Dlabola, 1981

Uysanus 1908

Zarudnya Melichar, 1901

References for Flatidae [this list is intended to include all references impacting higher nomenclature – genus and above – and also includes many works providing species level descriptions and revisions; but it is as yet incomplete]

Aguin-Pombo, D., S. Camacho and M. Virant-Doberlet. 2009. Radiation of the genus Cyphopterum (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Flatidae) in Macaronesia. A comparison of two closely related species. In: 5th European Hemiptera Congress, 31 August–4 September 2009, Velence, Hungary – Abstracts. P. 9

Ahmed, M. & Rao S. 1986. Some commonly found leaf and planthoppers on vegetable plants in the suburbs of Peshawar N.W.F.P., Pakistan. Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology 6: 73-80.

Amyot, C. J. B. & Audinet-Serville J. G. 1843. Deuxième partie. Homoptères. Homoptera Latr. Histoire Naturelle des insectes. Hemiptères 1843: 1-676.

Asche, M. 1997. A Review of the Systematics of Hawaiian Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). Pacific Science 51(4): 366-376.

Auber, J. 1954. Un nouveau Phromnia de Madagascar (Hom. Flatidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 59: 29-30 [29].

Bartlett, C. R., O’Brien L. B. & Wilson S. W. 2014. A review of the planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 50: 1-287.

Berg, C. 1879. Hemiptera. Argentina. (Continuacion.). Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina. Buenos Aires 8: 209-226.

Boheman, C. H. 1847. Nya Svenska Homoptera. Handlingar. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien. Stockholm 3: 23-67.

Bourgoin, T. 2018. FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. Version 8, updated 8 Feb. 2018. http://hemiptera-databases.org/flow/

Breddin, G. 1900. Hemiptera gesammelt von Professor Kükenthal im Malayischen Archipel. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Frankfurt a. M 25: 139-202.

Caldwell, J. S. and L. F. Martorell. 1951 (dated 1950). Review of the auchenorynchous (sic) Homoptera of Puerto Rico. Part II. The Fulgoroidea except Kinnaridae. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 34(2): 133-269.

Campodonico, J. F. 2017. The distribution of Arelate limbellata (Stål, 1854) (Hemiptera: Flatidae) in Chile. Check List 13(3): 2111.

Chen, X.S., L. Yang, and X.Y. Gu. 2007. Cixiidae, Tropiduchidae, Dictyopharidae, Ricanidae, Flatidae and Fulgoridae. In: Z.Z. Li, M.F. Yang, and D.C. Jin. (eds.). Insects from Leigongshan Landscape. Insect Fauna from National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province, V. Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, Guiyang, China. 172-177.

de Moraes Manica, C.L., A.C. Ruschel Mochko, M.A. Soares, and E.M. Pires. 2012. Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), a new host plant for Poekilloptera phalaenoides (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Flatidae). Forest Research 1(3): 109(2p.). Doi:10.4172/2168-9776.1000109

de Oliveira, C.M. and M.R. Frizzas. 2015. Bio-ecology of Poekilloptera phalaenoides (Hemiptera: Flatidae) under the influence of climatic factors in the Brazilian Cerrado. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 108(3): 263-271. DOI: 10.1093/aesa/sav00.

Deng, H.S. 2009. [A taxonomic study on Flatidae from Guizhou Province (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea).] Thesis. Southwest Guizhou Teachers College, Guizhou, China. 106 pp. Thesis.

Deng, H.S. 2010. Ratio comparison of flatids’ genera and species between regions in Guizhou Province(Hompetra:Flatidae). Journal of Southwest Guizhou Teachers College for Nationalities 5(4): 119-121,124.

Deng, H.S. 2011. A newly-recorded species of a newly-recorded genus of Flatidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea), from Guizhou Province of China. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences 39(13): 7561-7673.

Deng, Z.Z. 2007. [Homoptera moth wax Cicadidae (Homoptera: Flatidae) Living habits and Prevention research]. Journal of Southwest Guizhou Teachers College for Nationalities 12(4): 122-124. [Chinese]

Distant, W. L. 1893. Contribution to a knowledge of the homopterous family Fulgoridae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (1892): 275-286.

Distant, W. L. 1906. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. 3: 503 pp. Lt. Col. C. T. Birgham.

Distant, W. L. 1910. Rhynchota Malayana. Part III. Records of the Indian Museum. Calcutta 5: 313-338.

Distant, W. L. 1910. Rhynchotal notes. 1. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. London. (Ser. 8) 5: 297-322.

Distant, W. L. 1914. Report on the Rhynchota collected by the Wollaston Expedition in Dutch New Guinea. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 20: 335-362.

Dlabola, J. 1983. Ergebnisse der Tschechoslovakisch- Iranischen Entomologischen Expeditionen 1970 und 1973 nach dem Iran. Neue eremische Ricaniiden und Flatiden. Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 41: 91-97.

Donovan, E. 1805. An epitome of the natural history of the insects of New Holland, New Zealand, New Guinea, Otaheite, and other islands in the Indian, Southern, and Pacific Oceans. not numbered

Dozier, H. L. 1927. Some new and interesting Porto Rican leafhoppers. J. Porto. Rico Dept. Agrie. 10(3-4): 259-265.

Dozier, H. L. 1931. New and interesting West Indian Homoptera. American Museum Novitates. Published by the American Museum of Natural History. New York City 510: 1-24.

Fennah, R. G. 1941. Notes on the flatid genus Ormenis in the British Lesser Antilles and Trinidad, with descriptions of new species (Homoptera-Fulgoroidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 43(9): 191-210.

Fennah, R. G. 1942. Notes on some West Indian Flatidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 44: 155-167.

Fennah, R. G. 1945. The Fulgoroidea, or lanternflies, of Trinidad and adjacent parts of South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 95: 411-520.

Fennah, R. G. 1947. Notes on West Indian Flatidae (Homoptera:Fulgoroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60: 107-118.

Fennah, R. G. 1956. Fulgoroidea from southern China. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 28(4): 441-527.

Fennah, R. G. 1958. Fulgoroidea from the Belgian Congo (Hemiptera: Homoptera). Annales du Musée du Congo Belge (Sciences Zoologique). (Ser. 8) (1957) 59: 1-206.

Fennah, R. G. 1961. Homoptera Fulgoroidea. Le Parc National du Niokolo-Koba fasc. II. Mémoires de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire 62: 305-320.

Fennah, R. G. 1965. New Species of Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from the West Indies. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 117: 95-125.

Fennah, R. G. 1971. Fulgoroidea from the Cayman Islands and adjacent areas. Journal of Natural History 5: 299-342.

Fennah, R. G. 1976. A New Name for Exomella Fennah, 1957 (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, Flatidae). The Entomologist’s record and journal of variation 88(15 / XII): 314.

Fennah, R. G. 1978. Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from Vietnam. Annales Zoologici Warszawa 34(9): 207-279.

Fletcher, M. J. 1979. Egg types and oviposition behaviour in some fulgoroid leafhoppers (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Australian Entomological Magazine 6: 13-18.

Fletcher, M. J. 1979. Notes on Australian Flatidae (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea) including a new synonym. General and Applied Entomology 11: 67-71.

Fletcher, M. J. 1980. Review of the Australian genera Euryphantia Kirkaldy and Thanatochlamys Kirkaldy (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, Flatidae). Australian Entomological Magazine 7(2): 21-26.

Fletcher, M. J. 1981. The external morphology of Kallitambinia australis Muir (Homoptera: Tropiduchidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 20: 157-165.

Fletcher, M. J. 1982. The Australian genus Geraldtonia Distant (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 21(4): 269-270.

Fletcher, M. J. 1985. Revision of the genus Siphanta Stal (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae). Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series No. 110 1-94.

Fletcher, M. J. 1988. The Australian genera of Flatidae (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). General and Applied Entomology 20: 9-32.

Fletcher, M. J. 2002. A new species of Siphanta Stal (Hemiptera: Flatidae) from Western Australia and notes on other species of the genus. Australian Entomologist 29(3): 97-102.

Fletcher, M. J. and M. C. Larivière. 2004. Species of Flatidae known to occur in Australia. In: Identification keys and checklists for the leafhoppers, planthoppers and their relatives occurring in Australia and New Zealand (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). NSW Department of Primary Industries. Available online

Fletcher, M. J. and M. L. Moir. 2002. Cryptobarsac rubriops, a new genus and species of selizine Flatidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea preissii) in south Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 21(3): 221-225.

Fletcher, M. J. and M. L. Moir. 2009. Budginmaya eulae gen. et sp nov., a myrmecophilous planthopper (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from Western Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology 48(1): 36-39.

Fowler, W. W. 1900. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. (Continued). In: Biologia Centrali-Americana 1: 44-76.

Gębicki, C., D. Świerczewski, and J Szwedo. 2013. Planthoppers and Leafhoppers of Poland (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha). Systematics, Check-list, Bionomy. The Monograph. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum, Entomology 21-22: 1-245.

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