Genus Muirodelphax Wagner, 1963

[Back to Higher classification of Delphacidae]

Family Delphacidae Leach, 1815

Subfamily Delphacinae Leach, 1815

Tribe Delphacini Leach, 1815

Genus Muirodelphax Wagner, 1963

Distribution: Holarctic.

Type species: Delphax aubei Perris, 1857.

Generic synonym:

= Delphacinoides Vilbaste, 1965 (Type species Delphacinoides altaius Vilbaste, 1965); syn. by Emeljanov 1977: 111.
= Pinodoxa Anufriev, 1991: 144 (Type species Pinodoxa pinanorum Anufriev, 1991); syn. by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 422.
= Kosswigianella Wagner, 1963 (Type species Delphax exigua Boheman, 1847); syn. by Ding, 2006: 627 (error).

Uncertain affinity ? Paradelphax Vilbaste, 1980 (type species Liburnia nigrostriata Kusnezov, 1929); type species treated as Muirodelphax by Ding (2006: 627) and possibly by others.

Recognized species

Apparently, 12 species (and 1 subspecies) are currently recognized species worldwide as follows (7 if Paradelphax is valid):

New World (sensu Hamilton & Kwon 2010)

Muirodelphax arvensis (Fitch, 1851) (As a senior synonym of Delphacodes campestris) – widespread north of Mexico; California to South Carolina north to Yukon territory.
= Delphax arvensis Fitch, 1851: 46.
= Liburnia arvensis (Fitch, 1851); comb. by Van Duzee 1890: 390.
= Liburnia campestris Van Duzee, 1897: 254.
= Liburnia osborni Van Duzee, 1897: 250.
= Liburnia unda Metcalf, 1923: 207.
= Delphacodes campestris (Van Duzee, 1897); comb. by Muir & Giffard 1924: 25.
= Delphacodes osborni (Van Duzee, 1897); comb. by Metcalf 1928: 181.
= Delphacodes unda (Metcalf, 1923); comb. by Brimley 1938: 103
= Delphacodes arvensis (Fitch, 1856); comb. by Metcalf 1943: 406.
= Delphacodes osborni (Van Duzee, 1897); syn. with Delphacodes campestris by Oman 1947: 210-211.
= Delphacodes unda (Metcalf, 1923); syn. by Metcalf 1949: 56; removed from syn. by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 423.
= Delphacodes campestris (Van Duzee, 1897); syn. by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 423.
= Muirodelphax arvensis (Fitch, 1856); comb. by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 423.

Muirodelphax atralabis (Beamer, 1948) – USA: New Hampshire, North Carolina, Tennessee
= Delphacodes atralabis Beamer, 1948b: 103-104.
= Muirodelphax atralabis (Beamer, 1948b); comb. by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 422.

Muirodelphax luteus (Beamer, 1946) – USA: IL, KS
= Delphacodes lutea Beamer, 1946d: 142
= Muirodelphax luteus (Beamer, 1946d); comb. by Bartlett et al. 2014: 127.

Muirodelphax parvulus (Ball, 1902) – USA: Iowa, Kansas, Illinois, Missouri; Canada: Ontario
= Kelisia parvula Ball, 1902b: 264.
= Megamelus rotundata Crawford, 1914: 618.
= Liburnia rotundata (Crawford, 1914); comb. by Van Duzee 1916a: 84.
= Delphacodes rotundata (Crawford, 1914); comb. by Brimley 1938: 103.
= Delphacodes parvula (Ball, 1902b); comb. by Beamer 1946b: 86.
= Muirodelphax parvulus (Ball, 1902b); comb. by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 423.
= Delphacodes rotundata Crawford, 1914: 618; syn. by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 423.

Muirodelphax peneluteus (Beamer, 1948c) – USA: FL, MS, OK
= Delphacodes penelutea Beamer, 1948c: 112.
= Muirodelphax peneluteus (Beamer, 1946d); comb. by Bartlett et al. 2014: 127

Muirodelphax unda (Metcalf, 1923) – USA: NC, NH; CAN: NB, NS (Cape Breton Is.), QC (Îles de la Madeleine), PE
= Liburnia unda Metcalf, 1923: 207.
= Delphacodes unda (Metcalf, 1923); comb. by Brimley 1938: 103.
= Muirodelphax unda (Metcalf, 1923); comb. and removal from syn. with Delphacodes campestris (Van Duzee, 1897) by Hamilton & Kwon 2010: 423.

Old World (including species transferred from Pinodoxa)

Muirodelphax altaicus (Vilbaste, 1965) – Russia (Altai Mts) [This species listed as jr. syn. of M. aubei in Fauna Europaea [via Emeljanov 1977], listed in Ribautodelphax in FLOW)
= Delphacinoides altaicus Vilbaste, 1965.
= Muirodelphax altaicus (Vilbaste, 1965); comb. by Emeljanov 1977: 111. (note Vilbaste 1980: 13 may have synonymized this species with aubei)

Muirodelphax amol Dlabola, 1981 – Iran

Muirodelphax atratus Vilbaste, 1968: 31 – Russia (Maritime Territory)

Muirodelphax aubei (Perris, 1857) –  Widespread in Palearctic, throughout Europe, Middle East, North Africa, Asia; East Palaearctic; Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kikládes (Cyclades Is.), Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (South European Russia), Sardinia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,  Ukraine, Yugoslavia; North Africa., Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Iran, Mongolia, Tadzhikistan, Tunisia, Uzbekistan.
(partial synonymy list)
= Delphax aubei Perris, 1857: 170 (original combination).
= Delphax cognata Fieber, 1866: 527 (original combination).
= Delphax obsoleta Kirschbaum, 1868: 33 (original combination).
= Delphax obscurinervis Kirschbaum, 1868: 32; syn. by Wagner, 1963: 175 (the epithet listed as obscuripennis  in Fauna Europaea).
= Liburnia cognata (Fieber, 1866); comb. by Scott: 1870: 75.
= Liburnia obsoleta (Kirschbaum, 1868); comb. by Dahlberg, 1871: 453.
= Liburnia aubei (Perris, 1857); combination by Fieber, 1872: 6.
= Delphax cognata (Fieber, 1866); syn. with L. obsoleta (Kirschbaum, 1868) by Fieber 1872: 6; syn with Liburnia aubei by Puton 1874: 229.
= Liburnia obsoleta (Kirschbaum, 1868); syn. with Liburnia aubei (Perris, 1857) by Puton, 1874: 229.
= Delphacodes aubei (Perris, 1857); comb. by Metcalf 1943: 407.
= Muirodelphax aubei (Perris, 1857); comb. by Wagner, 1963: 175.
= Delphacinoides altaicus Vilbaste, 1965; syn. prob. by Emeljanov 1977, but see above.
= Delphax obscuripennis Kirschbaum, 1868
= Delphax protrusa Fieber, 1866, syn with Muirodelphax aubei by Vilbaste 1971: 146.

Muirodelphax kangauzi Anufriev, 1970 – evidently a lapsus in Emeljanov, 1977: 111 for Megadelphax kangauzi Anufriev, 1970: 141.

Muirodelphax nigrostriata (Kushezov, 1929) – Russia, Turkestan, Mongolia
= Liburnia nigrostriata Kusnezov, 1929: 163.
= Delphacodes nigrostriata (Kusnezov, 1929); comb. by Metcalf, 1943: 473.
= Muirodelphax litoralis Vilbaste 1968: 30; syn. by Emeljanov 1977: 111.
= Muirodelphax nigrostriata (Kusnezov, 1929); comb. by Anufriev, 1977: 864.
= Paradelphax nigrostriata (Kusnezov, 1929); comb by Vilbaste, 1980: 13; evidently returned to Muirodelphax by Ding (1996: 627) or cite.

Muirodelphax pinanorum (Anufriev, 1991)
= Pinodoxa pinanorum Anufriev, 1991: 146.
= Muirodelphax pinanorum (Anufriev, 1991); comb. by Hamilton (2010: 422).

Muirodelphax pinanorum marusiki (Anufriev, 1991)
= Pinodoxa pinanorum marusiki Anufriev, 1991: 146.
   = Muirodelphax pinanorum marusiki (Anufriev, 1991); comb. by Hamilton (2010: 422).
= Muirodelphax marusiki (Anufriev, 1991); lapsus (?) by Hamilton (2010: 422).

Note: Vilbaste (1980: 30) described the new genus Paradelphax with Liburnia nigrostriata Kusnezov as the type species.  Asche (1985) indicates Paradelphex is valid with 3 species, and Anufriev & Emeljanov (1988) indicate Paradelphax is valid with 2 species (P. nigrostriata and P. atrata).  I still need to review some literature to determine if Paradelphax is still valid.  Ding (2006) treated nigrostriata as Muirodelphax, without comment on Paradelphax.
Recorded hosts

Mostly grasses (Poaceae), as follows:

Muirodelphax arvensis (as Delphacodes campestris) – Agropyron sp. (wheatgrass), Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaert (crested wheatgrass), Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Scribn. (Prairie sandreed), Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass), Agrostis sp. (Bentgrass), Festuca ovina L. (Sheep fescue), Achnatherum coronatum (Thurb.) Barkworth (Giant ricegrass as Stipa cornonata), Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin., Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees (all Poales, Poaceae); Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. (Broom sedge, Cyperaceae).
Muirodelphax atratus – Zoysia japonica Steud. (Korean lawngrass)
Muirodelphax aubei – Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link (European beachgrass), Thinopyrum pycnanthum (Godr.) Barkworth (Tick quackgrass, as Elymus pycnanthus),  Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass), Poa sp.
Muirodelphax luteus  – Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees
Muirodelphax nigrostriata – Zoysia japonica Steud. (Korean lawngrass)
Muirodelphax parvula – Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash (Little bluestem, as  Andropogon scoparius)

Host information from Wilson et al. 1994, Nickel 2003, Ding 2006, Wilson & Wheeler 2010, Gebicki et al. 2013. Plant names from USDA PLANTs database or Tropicos. See FLOW for potentially additional plant associations.

Parasite

Muirodelphax arvensis (as Delphacodes campestris) – Gonatopus americanus (Perkins, 1905) (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) according to Giri et al. (1985)

Economic importance

While species in this genus are common and widespread, there appears to be limited economic importance to this genus.

Recognition 

Muirodelphax aubei (the type species; Palearctic)

New World species

Muirodelphax arvensis (Delphacodes campestris)

Muirodelphax arvensis (as Delphacodes campestris) – female

Muirodelphax atralabis – male

Muirodelphax parvula – male

Muirodelphax atratus from Vilbaste, 1968

Muirodelphax nigrostriata as litoralis Vilbaste 1968 from Vilbaste 1968

Online resources.

Fauna Europaea.
FLOW.
BOLD.
EOL.
Discover Life.
3i.
British Bugs.
Hoppers of North Carolina (link to M. arvensis)
Bugguide.
Georgian (in Caucasus) Biodiversity Database.

Molecular resources

At this time Genbank has molecular data for 3 taxa (1 unidentified) in this genus. BOLD provides barcode data for 7 species.

Select references

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Anufriev, G. A. 1977. Delphacids (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha) of the Kurile Islands Fauna. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 56(6): 855-869. [Russian with English Summary]

Anufriev, G. A. 1991. A new genus of cicadas of the Delphacidae family (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha) from the north of the USSR. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 70(9): 144-147.

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