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Family Caliscelidae Amyot & Serville, 1843

Subfamily Caliscelinae Amyot & Serville, 1843

Tribe Caliscelini Amyot & Serville, 1843

Genus: Caliscelis de Laporte, 1833

Type species: Caliscelis heterodoxa de Laporte, 1833; jr. syn. of Fulgora bonellii Latreille, 1807.

Synonyms:

•  Caloscelis Burmeister, 1835; replacement name for Caliscelis de Laporte, 1833).
•  Phyllocnemis Schaum, 1850 (Type species Caloscelis stemmalis Burmeister, 1835); syn. with Caloscelis Burmeister 1835 by Marschall 1873: 377.
• Mejonosoma Costa, 1834 (Type species Mejonosoma grisea Costa, 1834; jr. syn. of Fulgora bonellii Latreille, 1807); syn. by Puton 1883: 287.

Subgenera

Caliscelis (Bambula) Emeljanov, 2015 (Type species Caloscelis wallengreni Stål, 1863)
Caliscelis (Caliscelis) De Laporte, 1833 (Type species Fulgora bonellii Latreille, 1807)
Caliscelis (Caurca) Emeljanov, 2015 (Type species Caliscelis gissarica Kusnezov, 1930)
Caliscelis (Cerepa) Emeljanov, 2015  (Type species Caliscelis (Cerepa) carnavalis Emeljanov, 2015)
Caliscelis (Melanero) Emeljanov, 2015 (Type species Caliscelis nero Fennah, 1967)

Distribution:

Palearctic and Afrotropical; adventive into California, one species from this genus described from Brazil.

Recognized species

The genus was recently revised by Emeljanov (2015).  Caliscelis bonellii is adventive into California and Caliscelis stemmalis is described from Brazil; all other species are Palearctic.

Caliscelis (Bambula) Emeljanov, 2015
Caliscelis (Bambula) affinis (Fieber, 1876) – Armenia , Bulgaria, China (Xinjiang), Crimea , Italy, Romania, Russia (Sakhalin), Turkey, Ukraine
Caliscelis (Bambula) berenice Linnavuori, 1973 – Sudan(?)
Caliscelis (Bambula) chinensis Melichar, 1906 – China (Anhui, Guangxi, Zhejiang);  Russia (Primorye)
Caliscelis (Bambula) rhabdocladis Che, Wang & Zhang, 2011 – China (Beijing)
Caliscelis (Bambula) shandongensis Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014 – China (Shandong)
Caliscelis (Bambula) swazi Gnezdilov & Bourgoin, 2009 – South Africa, Swaziland
Caliscelis (Bambula) terauchii (Matsumura, 1915) – [North] Korea, Japan (Honshu)
Caliscelis (Bambula) turbata Emeljanov, 2015 – Uzbekistan
Caliscelis (Bambula) wallengreni (Stål, 1863)  – Central and eastern Mediterranean region, southeastern Europe, steppe region of central Asia (China (Xinjiang), France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Russia (South European Russia [Rostov, Saratov], Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine).
   = Caliscelis triplicata Che, Wang & Zhang, 2011 synonym of Caliscelis (Bambula) wallengreni (Stål, 1863) by Emeljanov (2015)
Caliscelis (Bambula) zarudnyi Mitjaev, 1971 – Kazakhstan, Mongolia
= Caliscelis longimana Emeljanov, 1972 synonym of Caliscelis (Bambula) zarudnyi Mitjaev, 1971 by Emeljanov (2015)

Caliscelis (Caliscelis) De Laporte, 1833
Caliscelis (Caliscelis) bolivari Horváth, 1904 – Portugal, Spain
  Caliscelis (Caliscelis) bonellii (Latreille, 1807)  – USA: CA (adventive); Palearctic (Mediterranean region; Austria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, France, Hungary, Italy (including Sardegna, Sicily), Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Yugoslavia)
= Caliscelis bonellii var nigra Melichar, 1906 – Italy, Austria
Caliscelis (Caliscelis) dimidiata Costa, 1863 –  Algeria, Italy (inc. Sicily); Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia
  Caliscelis (Caliscelis) ephippiata Emeljanov, 2015 – Iran
Caliscelis (Caliscelis) maroccana Horváth, 1904 – Morocco
   Caliscelis (Caliscelis) tricolor (Costa, 1834) – Italy
Caliscelis (Caliscelis) unicolor (Costa, 1834) – Italy

Caliscelis (Caurca) Emeljanov, 2015
   Caliscelis (Caurca) gissarica Kusnezov, 1930 – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan
Caliscelis (Caurca) gissarica ferganensis Kusnezov, 1930 – Kyrgyzstan
Caliscelis (Caurca) gissarica ferganensis Kusnezov, 1930  – Uzbekistan
Caliscelis (Caurca) gissarica gracilis Mitjaev, 1930 – Kazakhstan

Caliscelis (Cerepa) Emeljanov, 2015
Caliscelis (Cerepa) carnavalis Emeljanov, 2015 – Cambodia, Vietnam
Caliscelis (Cerepa) gnezdilovi Emeljanov, 2015 – Vietnam

Caliscelis (Melanero) Emeljanov, 2015
Caliscelis (Melanero)  larvata Emeljanov, 2015 – South Africa (Cape Provinces [Northern Cape Province; North-West Province])
Caliscelis (Melanero) nero Fennah, 1967  – South Africa (Cape Provinces); Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho (Basutoland).

Unplaced/ not sure
Caliscelis orientalis Ouchi, 1940 – China (Hunan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang)
Caliscelis stemmalis (Burmeister, 1835) – Brazil Southeast (Rio de Janeiro)

Moved:
Caliscelis eximia (Stål, 1859) – in Chirodisca, according to Gnezdilov & Bourgoin (2009) (Sri lanka, India)
Caliscelis ferganensis Kusnezov, 1930 – to Caliscelis (Caurca) gissarica ferganensis Kusnezov, 1930 by Emeljanov (2015)  [Kyrgyzstan]
Caliscelis gissarica Kusnezov, 1930 to Caliscelis (Caurca) gissarica ferganensis Kusnezov, 1930  by Emeljanov (2015) [Uzbekistan.]
Caliscelis gracilis Mitjaev, 1971 previous rank of Caliscelis (Caurca) gissarica gracilis Mitjaev, 1930 according to Emeljanov (2015) [Kazakhstan ]

[Locality data from Metcalf 1958 and FLOW]

Economic Importance:

Limited.

Plant associations:

• Caliscelis bonellii – ‘presumably Poaceae’; Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Bermudagrass, Poaceae)
• Caliscelis wallengreni – Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (common reed, Poaceae)
• Caliscelis (Cerepa) gnezdilovi – Alpinia sp. (Zingiberales, Zingiberaceae)
• Caliscelis (Cerepa) carnavalis – Arundinaria pusilla A. Chev. & A. Camus (Poales, Poaceae)

Hosts from O’Brien (1967), Holzinger et al. 2003, Wilson et al. 1994; plant names from USDA PLANTS. See also FLOW.

Parasitized by Dryinidae (Olmi 2004)

Recognition:

Highly distinctive among North American taxa – strong sexual dimorphism, front legs greatly modified.

Collecting

Most often taken sweeping.

Molecular resources: 

No data for this genus appears  Barcode of Life (as of June 6 2017; Link to family); Genbank has data for C. wallengreni  and C. sp..

Selected references:

Bartlett, C. R., L. B. O’Brien and S. W. Wilson. 2014. A review of the planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 50: 1-287.

Che, Y. L., Y. L. Wang and Y. L. Zhang. 2011. Two new species and one new record of the genus Caliscelis de Laporte (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Caliscelidae) from China. Zootaxa 3067: 35-48.

Chen, X.S., Z.G. Zhang and Z.M. Chang. 2014. Issidae and Caliscelidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from China. Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, Guiyang, China. 242pp.

Costa, A. 1863. Nuovi studii sulla entomologica della Calabria Ulteriore. Atti della Reale Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche. Napoli 1(2): 1-80.

Costa, O. G. 1834. Prospectus familiae Cicadarum in quo enumeratio specierum in regno Neapolitano usque adhuc detectarum, et quae in Museo Nostro Servantur. Cenni zoologici, ossia descrizione sommaria delle specie nuove di animali discoperti in diversi contrade del regno nell’anno 1834 1834: 81-90.

De Laporte, F. L. 1833. Note sur un nouveau genre et un nouvel insecte Homoptère (Caliscelis heterodoza). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 2: 251-253.

 Emeljanov, A. F. 1972. New leafhoppers from the Mongolian People’s Republic (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha). Nauka 1: 199-260.

Emeljanov, A. F. 2015. A subgeneric subdivision of the genus Caliscelis Lap. with description of new species (Homoptera, Caliscelidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 94(3): 684-697.

Fennah, R. G. 1967. New and little known Fulgoroidea from South Africa (Homoptera). Annals of the Natal Museum 18(3): 655-714 [687].

Fieber, F. X. 1872a. Katalog der europäischen Cicadinen, nach Originalien mit Benützung der neuesten Literatur. Carl Gerold’s Sohn, Wein [Vienna, Austria]. Pp.: i-iv, 1-19.[ see p. 4]

Fieber, F. X. 1876. Les Cicadines d’Europe d’après les originaux et les publications les plus récentes. Deuxième partie : Descriptions des espèces. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée. Paris. (Ser. 3) 4: 11-268 [see p. 223].

Gnezdilov, V. M. and T. Bourgoin. 2009. First record of the family Caliscelidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from Madagascar, with description of new taxa from the Afrotropical Region and biogeographical notes. Zootaxa 2020: 1-36.

Holzinger, W.E., I. Kammerlander and H. Nickel. 2003. The Auchenorrhyncha of Central Europe. Volume 1. Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha excluding Cicadellidae. Brill Academic Publishing, Leiden, Netherlands.

Horváth, G. 1904a. Species palaearcticae generis Caliscelis Lap. Annales historico-naturales musei nationalis Hungarici 2: 378-385.

Kusnezov, V. 1930. Ubersicht der asiatischen Caliscelaria-Arten (Homoptera-Issidae). Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin. Stettin 91: 267-278.

Latreille, P. A. 1807. Sectio secunda. Familia quarta. Cicadariae. Cicadaires. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata 3: 1-258.

Linnavuori, R. E. 1973. Hemiptera of the Sudan, with remarks on some species of the adjacent countries. 2. Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae, Cercopidae, Machaerotidae, Membracidae and Fulgoroidea. (Zoological contribution from the Finnish expeditions to the Sudan No. 33). Notulae Entomologicae 53(3): 65-137 [120].

Matsumura, S. 1915a. Neue Cicadinen Koreas. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society 5: 154-184.

Melichar, L. 1906a. Monographie der Issiden. (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königliche Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 3: 1-327.

Metcalf, Z. P. 1958. General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle IV, Fulgoroidea, Part 15, Issidae. Waverly Press, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland.

Mitjaev, I. D. 1971. Auchenorrhyncha of Kazakhstan (Homoptera – Cicadinae) [In Russian]. 211 pp. Science of Kazakh SSR.

O’Brien, L. B. 1967. Caliscelis bonellii (Latreille), a European genus of Issidae new to the United States (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 43: 130-133.

Olmi, M. 2004. A Contribution to the Knowledge of Dryinidae. (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) of Northern Mozambique. Oriental Insects 38(1): 353-372.

Schaum, H. R. 1850. Fulgorellae. Erster Section A-G. In: Ersch I. S. & Gruber I. G. 1850 – Allgemeine Encyklopädie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alnhaberischen folge von Genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet und herausgegeben, 51. p. 58-73.

Stål, C. 1863b. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Fulgoriden. Entomologische Zeitung 24: 230-251.

Wilson, S. W., C. Mitter, R. F. Denno and M. R. Wilson.1994. Evolutionary patterns of host plant use by delphacid planthoppers and their relatives. In: R. F. Denno and T. J. Perfect, (eds.). Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management. Chapman and Hall, New York. Pp. 7-45 & Appendix.