[Back to North American Acanaloniidae]

Family Acanaloniidae Amyot & Serville, 1843

Subfamily Acanaloniinae Amyot & Serville, 1843

Tribe Acanaloniini Amyot & Serville, 1843

Genus Acanalonia Spinola, 1839.

Type species: Acanalonia servillei Spinola, 1839: 448.

Synonyms

= Acanonia Amyot & Serville, 1843 (type species Acanalonia servillei Spinola, 1839); replacement name for Acanalonia Spinola, 1839.

= Amphiscepa Glover, 1878 [nec. Germar 1830] (type species Flata bivittata Say, 1825); syn. by Stål 1862a: 311 (genus mis-attributed to Say, 1825 by Melichar 1906: 215; see e.g., Van Duzee 1917: 750).

= Chlorochara Stål 1869: 107 (type-species Cicada vivida Fabricius, 1775: 683), syn. by Caldwell & Martorell 1951: 261; restored by Metcalf 1954 and subsequent authors.

Misspelling: Acalonia Kramer (1950: 10, 80)

Distribution

New World from South America (to Argentina) to southern Canada; 1 species adventive into Europe.  Acanalonia includes 19 species north of Mexico, and 71 species (and subspecies) distributed throughout the Nearctic and Neotropical regions.

Recognized species

There are 65 species plus 6 subspecies or varieties of Acanalonia as follows [Genus: Metcalf 1954: 5].

I have a draft key to species for taxa north of Mexico here.

Acanalonia affinis Fowler, 1900: 48 – Guatemala
Acanalonia albacosta Caldwell, 1947: 165 – Mexico (Oaxaca)
Acanalonia bivittata (Say, 1825) – USA: AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, PA, TN, TX, VA, WI, WV; CAN: ON
= Flata bivittata Say, 1825: 335 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4:335 )
= Amphiscepa malina Germar, 1830: 52 (Thon’s Entomologisches Archiv. 2 (2) :52); syn. by Stal, 1862: 311.
= Acanonia malina (Germar), comb. by Schaum, 1850 (Allgemeine Encyklopadie Ersch und Gruber 51: 71-72.
= Poeciloptera bivittata (Say), comb. by Schaum, 1850: 72 (Allgemeine Encyklopadie Ersch und Gruber 51: 72)
= Poeciloptera nana Walker, 1851: 466 (List of Homopterous Insects 2: 466); syn. by Stal 1862: 489.
= Acanonia bivittata (Say), comb. by Stal, 1862 (Berliner Ent. Zeit. 6:311)
= Acanalonia bivitatta [sic] (Say), comb. by Van Duzee, 1916: 81 (Check List of Hemiptera of America North of Mexico 1916: 81)
= Amphiscepa bivittata rubescens Melichar, 1901: 183 (Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 16: 183)
= Acanalonia bivittata rubescens (Melichar, 1901); comb. by Van Duzee, 1916: 1816 (Check List of Hemiptera of America North of Mexico 1916: 81)
   = Acanalonia bivittata var rubescens (Melichar, 1901)  (note: This is a pink color variation); syn. by Bartlett et al. 2014: 75
Acanalonia bonducellae Fennah 1955: 39 – Montserrat, St. Kitts
Acanalonia brevifrons Muir, 1924 – Puerto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Croix, Anegada, Mona. (moved to Bulldolonia Gnezdilov 2012c)
Acanalonia caelata Fowler, 1900: 47 – Guatemala
Acanalonia calida (Fowler, 1904: 118) – Mexico
= Amphiscepa calida Fowler, 1904: 118 (Biologia Centrali-Americana 1: 118)
= Acanalonia calida (Fowler), comb. by Melichar, 1906: 215 (Abh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 3: 215)
Acanalonia carinata Metcalf and Bruner, 1930: 413 – Cuba
Acanalonia caymanensis Fennah 1971 – Cayman Is.
Acanalonia chloris (Berg, 1879) – Argentina, Uruguay, Chile
= Acanonia chloris Berg, 1879: 210 (An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 8: 210)
= Acanalonia chloris (Berg), comb. by Melichar, 1901: 184, 187 (Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 16: 184 [Key] :187)
Acanalonia clarionensis Van Duzee, 1933: 38 – Clarion Island, Socorro Island (Mexico)
Acanalonia clypeata Van Duzee, 1908: 496 – USA: AZ, CA, NV, UT
Acanalonia coacta Schmidt, 1908: 517 – Peru, Ecuador
Acanalonia concinnula Fowler, 1900: 49 – USA: FL, TX; Mexico (Jalisco, Guerrero)
Acanalonia consors Fennah 1971 – Cayman Is
Acanalonia conica (Say, 1830: 238) – USA: AL, AR, CA, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, MO, MS, NE, NC, NJ, NY, OH, PA, VA, TN, TX; CAN: ON; Italy (adventive to CA and Italy)
= Flata conica Say, 1830: 238 (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 6:238)
= Acanonia conica (Say), comb. by Schaum, 1850: 71-72 (Allgemeine Encyklopadie Ersch und Gruber 51: 71)
= Poeciloptera (?) conica (Say), comb. by Walker, 1852: 1140 (List of Homopterous Insects 4: 1140)
= Chlorochroa [sic] conica (Say), comb. by Chittenden, 1900: 98 (Bull. United States Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. (n.s.) 22: 98)
= Acanalonia panimae Fowler, 1900: 47; Syn by Melichar 1901: 189; Van Duzee, 1916: 82 (also Van Duzee 1917: 792).
= Acanalonia conica (Say), comb. by Melichar, 1901: 184, 189 (Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 16: 184 [Key] :189); equals Acanalonia paminae [sic] Fowl. (?), Equals Amphiscepa conica (Say).
Acanalonia decens (Stal, 1864) – Mexico (Guerrero, Vera Cruz, Nuevo León, Hildalgo), Guatemala
= Acanonia decens Stal, 1864: 56 (Stett. Ent. Zeit. 25: 56)
= Acanalonia decens (Stal), comb. by Fowler, 1900: 46 (Biologia Centrali-Americana 1:46)
Acanalonia delicatula Fowler, 1900: 49 – Panama, Uruguay (error?)
Acanalonia depressa Melichar, 1901: 190 – St. Jean (John?), Jost Van Dyke Island (moved to Bulldolonia Gnezdilov 2012c)
Acanalonia dubia Fowler, 1900: 46 – Mexico (Guanajuato, Vera Cruz, Tabasco), Guatemala, Panama
Acanalonia ecuadoriensis Schmidt, 1908: 518 – Ecuador
Acanalonia excavata Van Duzee, 1933: 38 – USA: FL; Nicaragua
Acanalonia fasciata Metcalf, 1923 – USA: AZ, TX, UT
Acanalonia gaumeri Fowler, 1900: 48 – Honduras (Roatan Island)
Acanalonia grandicella Doering, 1932 – USA: AZ, CA
Acanalonia gundlachi Metcalf and Bruner, 1930: 415 – Cuba
Acanalonia hadesensis Caldwell, 1938 – USA: TX
Acanalonia hewanorrae Fennah 1955: 40 – St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Grenada
Acanalonia humeralis Caldwell, 1947: 164 – Mexico (Coahuila de Zaragoza)
Acanalonia immaculata (Kirkaldy, 1907) – USA: AZ; Mexico (Vera Cruz)
= Amphiscepa immaculata Kirkaldy, 1907: 60.
= Acanalonia immaculata (Kirkaldy, 1907); comb. by Van Duzee 1917: 81.
Acanalonia impressa Metcalf and Bruner, 1930: 408 – Cuba (moved to Bulldolonia Gnezdilov 2012c)
Acanalonia inclinata Melichar, 1901 – Honduras
Acanalonia ingens Fennah 1971 – Cuba
Acanalonia insularis Metcalf and Bruner, 1930: 416 – Isle of Pines (Cuba)
Acanalonia invenusta Doering, 1932 – USA: NM, TX
Acanalonia laticosta Doering, 1932 – USA: TX
Acanalonia laurifolia (Walker, 1858: 117) – Brazil
= Poeciloptera laurifolia Walker 1858: 117.
= Acanonia [laurifolia] comb. by Stal 1862: 491
= Acanalonia laurifolia Walker 1858, comb. by Distant, 1910, 298
Acanalonia lineata Metcalf and Bruner, 1930: 411 – Cuba
Acanalonia mintho Fennah 1965 – Grenada
Acanalonia mollicula Van Duzee, 1914 – USA: AZ, CA, NV, UT
Acanalonia ohausi Schmidt, 1908: 516 – Ecuador
Acanalonia ohausi var fulva Schmidt, 1908: 516 – Ecuador
Acanalonia parva Doering, 1932 – USA: NM, TX
Acanalonia phorcys Fennah 1971 – Haiti
Acanalonia plana (Van Duzee, 1907) – Jamaica
Acanalonia planata Ball, 1933: 150 – USA: TX
Acanalonia puella Van Duzee, 1923: 194 – Mexico (Sonora)
Acanalonia pumila (Van Duzee, 1908) – USA: FL, SC, NC; Bermuda
Acanalonia robusta (Walker 1851: 449); resurrected by Fennah 1971 – Jamaica
= Poeciloptera robusta Walker, 1851 : 449 (List of Homopterous Insects 2: 449)
= Poeciloptera quadrata Walker, 1851: 460 (List of Homopterous Insects 2: 460)
= Poeciloptera lata Walker, 1851: 462 (List of Homopterous Insects 2: 462)
= Acanonia lata (Walker), comb by Stal, 1862: 491 (Ofv. Svenska Vet. Akad. Forh. 19: 491)
= Acanonia quadrata (Walker), comb. by Stal, 1862: 491 (Ofv. Svenska Vet. Akad. Forh. 19: 491)
= Acanonia robusta (Walker), comb. by Stal, 1862: 491 (Ofv. Svenska Vet. Akad. Forh. 19: 491)
= Acanalonia lata (Walker 1851: 462); (comb. by implication Van Duzee, 1916: 81); syn. by Fennah 1971 – Jamaica
= Acanalonia quadrata (Walker 1851: 460); (comb. by implication Van Duzee, 1916: 81); syn. by Fennah 1971 – Jamaica
Acanalonia saltonia Ball, 1933: 149 – USA: CA
Acanalonia servillei Spinola, 1839: 448 – USA: FL, GA, LA, MD, MS, NC, NY, PA, SC
= Acanalonia latifrons (Walker, 1851: 457); Syn. by Fennah, 1971: 334-336. [Not listed as new syn.]
= Poeciloptera complanata Walker, 1851: 461 (List of Homopterous Insects 2: 461)
= Acanalonia complanata (Walker, 1851: 461); comb. by comb. by Distant, 1910 (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5: 298); Syn. by Fennah, 1971:334-336.
= Poeciloptera latifrons Walker, 1851: 457 (List of Homopterous Insects 2: 457)
= Acanonia latifrons (Walker), comb. by Stal, 1862: 491 (Ofv. Svenska Vet. Akad. Forh.19: 491)
= Acanalonia latifrons (Walker), comb. by Melichar, 1901: 184, 186 (Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 16: 184 [Key] :186)
= Acononia [sic] servillei (Spinola), comb. by Smith, 1890: 437 (Geological Survey of New Jersey 2 (2) :437)
Acanalonia similis Doering, 1932 – USA: NM, TX
Acanalonia sublinea (Walker, 1858) – Cuba, Dominican Republic
Acanalonia tehuacana Caldwell, 1947: 164 – Mexico (Puebla)
Acanalonia theobromae Fennah, 1945 – Trinidad
Acanalonia tripartita Caldwell, 1947: 165 – Mexico (San Luis Potosí)
Acanalonia umbellicauda Fennah, 1945 – Trinidad
Acanalonia umbraculata (Fabricius, 1803) – Brazil, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Bolivia, Guayana
= Flata umbraculata Fabricius, 1803: 50 (Systema Rhyngotorum 1803: 50)
= Poeciloptera umbraculata (Fabricius), comb. by Burmeister, 1835: 162 (Handbuch der Entomologie 2 (1):162)
= Acanonia umbraculata (Fabricius), comb. by Schaum, 1850: 71 (Allgemeine Encyklopadie Ersch und Gruber 51: 71)
= Acanalonia florea Stal, 1862: 10 (Handl. Svenska Vet. Akad. 3 (6):10); syn. by Melichar 1901: 185 (Melichar treated florea as valid umbraculata as jr syn.; Kirkaldy, 1903: 78 reversed the synonymy)
= Acanalonia florea Stal 1862; syn/ by Melichar 1901: 185.
= Acanonia florea (Stal); comb. by Stal, 1869: 106 (Handl. Svenska Vet. Akad. 8 (1):106)
= Acanalonia umbraculata (Fabricius), comb. by Kirkaldy, 1903: 78 (Entomologist 36: 78)
Acanalonia varipennis (Walker, 1858: 113) – Brazil
= Poeciloptera varipennis Walker, 1858: 113 (List of Homopterous Insects. Supplement 1858: 113)
= Poeciloptera viridissima Walker, 1858: 54 (Insecta Saundersiana 1858: 54); syn. by Distant, 1910: 298 (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5: 298)
= Acanonia varipennis (Walker), comb. by Stal, 1862 (Ofv. Svenska Vet. Akad. Forh. 19: 491)
= Acanalonia varipennis (Walker), comb. by Melichar, 1901: 184, 185 (Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 16: 184 [Key] :185)
Acanalonia viequensis Caldwell in Caldwell and Martorell, 1951 – Vieques Island, Antigua
Acanalonia virescens (Stål, 1864: 56) – USA: FL, TX; Mexico
= Acanonia virescens Stal, 1864: 56 (Stett. Ent. Zeit. 25: 56)
= Acanalonia virescens (Stal), comb. by Fowler, 1900: 49 (Biologia Centrali-Americana 1 : 49)
Acanalonia viridicata Schmidt, 1932: 43 – Columbia
Acanalonia viridis Melichar, 1901: 187 – Haiti, Dominican republic
Acanalonia viriditerminata (Lethierry, 1881) – Guadeloupe, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas
Acanalonia viriditerminata muscosa Fennah 1955: 39 – Dominica
Acanalonia viriditerminata sylvestris Fennah 1955: 38 – Montserrat, St. Kitts
Acanalonia viridula Metcalf and Bruner, 1930: 414 – Cuba
Acanalonia vivida (Fabricius, 1775: 683) (see Chlorochara Stål) – Suriname, Cuba, Puerto Rico
Acanalonia vivida avivida Caldwell in Caldwell and Martorell, 1951 – Puerto Rico
Acanalonia vivida coniceps Osborn, 1929 – Puerto Rico, Caja de Muertos Island

Incertae sedis

Amphiscepa subpellucida Fowler 1904: 119 – Guatemala; this species currently retained in Amphiscepa Germar, but possibly belongs in Acanalonia if original placement was Amphiscepa sensu Say, a jr homonym of Amphiscepa  Germar.

Plant associations

Acanalonia bivittata – polyphagous
Acanalonia bonducellae – Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Fleming (Fabaceae)
Acanalonia chloris – Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (“eucalipto azul”, MYRTACEAE); Populus alba L. (“álamo blanco”, SALICACEAE) (Campodonico, 2020).
Acanalonia clypeata – Prosopis L. (Mesquite; Fabaceae), Baccharis L. (baccharis, Asteraceae), Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.(fourwing saltbush; Chenopodiaceae), Salsola tragus L. (prickly Russian thistle; Chenopodiaceae as Salsola pestifer A. Nelson)
Acanalonia conica – Polyphagous; Reported from Amorpha fructicosa L. (Fabales, Fabaceae); Buddleja davidii Franch. (Lamiales, Scrophulariaceae); Chenopodium sp. (Caryophyllales, Amaranthaceae); Cornus sanguinea L. (Cornales, Cornaceae); Corylus avellana L. (Fagales, Betulaceae); Humulus lupulus L. (Rosales, Cannabaceae); Morus sp. (Rosales, Moraceae); Parietaria officinalis L. (Rosales, Urticaceae); Prunus sp. (Rosales, Rosaceae); Solanum nigrum L. (Solanales, Solanaceae); Ulmus sp. (Rosales, Ulmaceae);  Urtica dioica L. (Rosales, Urticaceae); and Xanthium italicum Moretti (Asterales, Asteraceae) according to D’Urso & Uliana (2006); Nymphs and adults are common on Robinia pseudoacacia
Acanalonia hadesensis – Prosopis L. (Mesquite; Fabaceae)
Acanalonia invenusta – Prosopis L. (Mesquite; Fabaceae)
Acanalonia laticosta – Prosopis L. (Mesquite; Fabaceae), Helenium L. (sneezeweed; Asteraceae), Croton L. (croton; Euphorbiaceae), Anthemis arvensis L. (corn chamomile; Asteraceae), Chrysopsis (Nutt.) Elliott (goldenaster; Asteraceae), Siderocarpos flexicaulis (Benth.) Small (misspelled as Siaerocarpus flexicaula; Fabaceae)
Acanalonia pumila – Borrichia arborescens (L.) DC. (tree seaside tansy; Asteraceae), Argusia gnaphalodes (L.) Heine (sea rosemary; Boraginaceae; as Mallotonia gnaphalodes (L.) Britton); Batis maritima L. (turtleweed; Bataceae), Salicornia depressa Standl. (Virginia glasswort; Chenopodiaceae, as Salicornia virginica L), Suaeda linearis (Elliott) Moq.(annual seepweed; Chenopodiaceae)
Acanalonia servillei – Capparis comosa Jacq. (Capparaceae)
Acanalonia theobromae – Theobroma cacao L. (cacao; Sterculiaceae), Flacourtia Comm. ex L’Hér. (flacourtia; Flacourtiaceae), Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. (pride-of-Barbados; Fabaceae)
Acanalonia umbellicauda – Theobroma cacao L. (cacao; Sterculiaceae), Caesalpinia L. (nicker; Fabaceae), Asparagus L. (asparagus; Liliaceae)

Host data from Wilson et al. (1994); scientific names, authorship, and common names from the USDA Plants database, except where absent, then try Tropicos or The Plant List). (Still working on adding links)  Thanks to Vassili Belov for deciphering the misspelling of Siderocarpos.

ALSO see the list of hosts for genus on FLOW.

Predators, parasites

Acanalonia bivittata – Hesperodryinus amphiscepae Perkins, 1907 (Krombien 1979: 1242), Perodryinus amoenus Perkins, 1907 (Krombien 1979: 1244). (both Dryinidae; The locality of the later record suggests that it might actually have been Acanalonia fasciata)

Acanalonia immaculata – Apterodryinus torvus Perkins, 1907 (Dryinidae; Krombein 1979: 1246)

Bugguide has a photo of an Epipyropid larva (Fulgoraecia exigua) on A. conica, which I have also observed (a second photo here). Another on A. servillei.

Economic Importance

Limited in the US, but Acanolonia conica adventive in Italy and California. Not recorded as a plant disease vector to my knowledge.

Recognition

Similar to Issidae, with no spines on hind tibiae. Wings broad, venation reticulate, held perpendicular to the body. Near,y always green (sometimes pink – scroll to the A. parva image).  In the US, most species are in the southwest; in the eastern US, 2 species are very common, 2 additional gulf states (pumila is coastal), A. excavata is adventive to Florida; 1 additional eastern species needs confirmation.

This genus is heterogeneous.

Description of the genus by Doering 1932

Head about as wide as thorax. Clypeus without lateral carinae. Vertex straight or somewhat angularly rounded anteriorly. Postclypeus flat, almost quadrangular, sometimes a longitudinal median carina and also two small lateral carinae present. Antennae short. Ocelli small. Pronotum usually without carinae, with sometimes a
median carina. Posterior margin of pronotum straight or only slightly concave. Mesonotum large. Elytra steeply tectiform, reticulated with a network of veins, the longitudinal ones more prominent; elytra usually green in color with sometimes brown dots or lines at apex. Ovipositor incomplete. Aedeagus complex, penis and periandrium appear to be amalgamated into a complete tube with appendages.

Fruend & Wilson (1995) reviewed the species of Acanalonia known to occur in the United States, they were previously reviewed by Doering 1932. Life history of 2 species described by Wilson & McPherson 1981.

A key to species will be posted on a separate page (at this point, the key only contains species from the US, modified from Doering).

(Photographs below – except  as indicated [A. excavata, and the pink A. fasciata] – by Kimberley Shropshire, Department of Entomology, University of Delaware)

Acanalonia conica

Here is another one on Flickr from Arizona State.

Images from Fowler (1904)

1 Acanalonia dubia
2 Acanalonia panimae
3 Acanalonia caelata
4 Acanalonia pinniformis
5 Acanalonia affinis
6 Acanalonia gaumeri
7 Acanalonia virescens
8 Acanalonia delicatula
9 Acanalonia concinnula

Cuban Acanaloniidae from Metcalf and Bruner 1930

Online resources

bugguide.
Discover Life.
3i.
EOL.
FLOW.
Hoppers of North Carolina.
Kunzweb Gallery.
American Insects.
BOLD.
Arizona State Flickr.
CASC specimens.
Bug Life Cycles (A. conica)
The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Fauna Project.  Photos of A. parva and A. laticosta with nymphs (and eggs also for A. parva) I thought were particularly useful.
BugLady at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (College of letters and Science Field Station): Acanalonia planthoppers.

Molecular resources

GenBank has data for Acanalonia bivitatta, A. depressa, A. vivida.  Barcode of Life has sequence data for 6 species and 1 undetermined Acanalonia (viz. Acanalonia bivittata, A. chloris, A. concinnia, A. conica, A. fasciata, and A. immaculata).

Selected references

Amyot, C. J. B. and J. G. Serville. 1843. Deuxième partie. Homoptères. Homoptera Latr. Histoire Naturelle des insectes. Hemiptères 1843: 1-676.

Ball, E. D. 1933d. Notes on the Fulgoridae with some new species. Psyche 40: 145-150.

Bartlett, C. R., E. R. Adams and A. T. Gonzon. 2011. Planthoppers of Delaware (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea), excluding Delphacidae, with species incidence from adjacent States. ZooKeys 83: 1-42.

Bartlett, C. R., L. B. O’Brien and S. W. Wilson. 2014. A review of the planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 50: 1-287.

Berg, C. 1879e. Hemiptera Argentina Enumeravit Speciesque Novas Descripsit. i-vii, 9-276. [Pp. 212-231 only; Reprint of Berg 1879a, b, c, and d with different pagination; see pp. 203-276.]

Caldwell, J. S. 1947b. New Acanaloniidae from Mexico. (Homoptera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 41: 164-165.

Caldwell, J. S. and L. F. Martorell. 1951 [dated1950]. Review of the Auchenorynchous [sic] Homoptera of Puerto Rico. Part II. The Fulgoroidea except Kinnaridae. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 34(2): 133-269.

Campodonico, J.F. 2020. First record of an Acanaloniidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) in Chile. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina 79(1): 34-36. http://doi.org/10.25085/rsea.790106

Chireceanu, C., A. Teodoru, M. Gutue, M. Dumitru & P. Anastasiu. 2017. Two new invasive hemipteran species first recorded in Romania: Orientus ishidae (Matsumura 1902) (Cicadellidae) and Acanalonia conica (Say 1830) (Acanaloniidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 5(2): 824-830.

D’Urso, V. and M. Uliana. 2004. First record of Acanalonia conica (Issidae) in Italy. Third European Hemiptera Congress, Abstracts, St. Petersburg, Russia, 8-11 June 2004: 26-27.

d’Urso, V. and M. Uliana. 2005. Acanalonia conica (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Acanaloniidae), a Nearctic species recently introduced in Europe. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 53(1): 103–107.

Demir, E. and H. Ozdikmen. 2009. Two new replacement names for genera in Dictyopharidae and Acanaloniidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 111(1): 271.

Doering, K. C. 1932. The genus Acanalonia in America north of Mexico (Fulgoridae, Homoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 25: 758-­786. (here, but login may be required)

Fabricius, J. C. 1803a. Rhyngota. In Systema rhyngotorum: secundum ordines, genera, species: adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard . Brunsvigae. Vol./pp.: 1-101.

Fennah, R. G. 1945. The Fulgoroidea, or lanternflies, of Trinidad and adjacent parts of South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 95(3184): 411-520.

Fennah, R. G. 1955. Lanternflies of the Family Issidae of the Lesser Antilles (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Proceedings of the United States Museum 105(3350): 23-47.

Fennah, R. G. 1971. Fulgoroidea from the Cayman Islands and adjacent Areas. Journal of Natural History 5: 299-342.

Fowler, W. W. 1900e. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. (Continued). In Biologia Centrali-Americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Porter . London. Vol./pp.: 1:44-48.

Fowler, W. W. 1904c. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. (Continued). Biologia Centrali-Americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Vol./pp.: 1: 109-124. Plate(s): 12.

Freund, R. and S. W. Wilson. 1995. The planthopper genus Acanalonia in the United States (Homoptera: Issidae) morphology of male and female external genitalia. Insecta Mundi 9:(3-4): 195-215.

Gill, R. J. 2001. New State Records: Green Coneheaded Planthopper, Acanalonia conica. California Plant Pest and Disease Reporter. 20(1-3, January-June 2001): 8-10.

Gnezdilov, V. M. 2012a. On the composition and distribution of the family Acanaloniidae Amyot et Serville (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Entomologicheskoe obozrenie 91(3): 157–161. [In Russian]

Gnezdilov, V. M. 2012b. On the taxonomy of some Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera).  Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 316(3): 239–247.

Gnezdilov, V. M. 2012c. A new genus of the family Acanaloniidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) from the Caribbean Basin. Zoosystematica Rossica 21(2): 302-305.

Halbert, S. E., L. B. O’Brien and S. W. Wilson. 2007. The planthopper genus Acanalonia in Florida with notes on a recently introduced species, A. excavata (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Acanaloniidae). Florida Entomologist 90(4): 690-692.

Holzinger, W., E. Huber, L. Schlosser & G. Kunz. 2020. Acanalonia conica (Say, 1830) and three other true hopper species new for Austria (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Cicadina 19: 9-19.

Krombein, K. V. 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico, vol. 2. Apocrita (Aculeata). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC. Pp. i-xvi + 1199-2209.

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