Investigating Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Middle Childhood

Description

We are examining the reactive and proactive functions of aggression, with a particular focus on children’s anger when enacting reactive aggression and the lack of emotion that characterizes children’s displays of proactive aggression. Recent emphases have included a) assessing children’s psychophysiology in-the-moment as they engage in reactive versus proactive aggression, and b) examining how children’s daily emotions relate to their reactive and proactive aggression. 

Publications

Moore, C.C., Hubbard, J.A., Mlawer, F.M., Meehan, Z., & Bookhout, M.K. (2024). The role of changes in peer victimization from elementary to high school and autonomic reactivity on adolescent reactive aggression. Developmental Psychology. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1037/dev0001840 PDF

Hubbard, J.A., Moore, C.C., Zajac, L., Bookhout, M.K., & Dozier, M. (2023). Emotion transmission in peer dyads in middle childhood. Child Development, 94, 1017-1032. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13917. PDF

Hubbard, J.A., Moore, C.C., Zajac, L., Marano, E., Bookhout, M.K., & Dozier, M. (2023). The importance of both individual differences and dyadic processes in children’s emotion expression. Applied Developmental Science, 28, 193-206 . doi: 10.1080/10888691.2022.2163247 PDF

Morrow, M.T., Hubbard, J.A., Bookhout, M.K., Docimo, M.A., Swift, L.E., Grassetti, S.N., & Cabanas, K.L. (2022). Lower levels of classroom aggression predict stronger relations between peer victimization and reactive versus proactive aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37, NP13182-NP13202. PDF

Bookhout, M.K., Hubbard, J.A., Zajac, L., Mlawer, F.M., & Moore, C.C. (2021). Validation of the Social Information Processing Application (SIP-AP) across genders, socioeconomic levels, and forms of aggression. Psychological Assessment, 33, 716-728PDF​

van Dijk, A., Hubbard, J.A., Deschamps, P.K.H., Hiemstra, W., & Polman, H. (2021). Do distinct groups of reactively and proactively aggressive children exist? A confirmatory latent profile approach. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49, ​1303-1317. PDF

​Moore, C.C., Hubbard, J.A., Bookhout, M.K., & Mlawer, F. (2019).Relations between reactive and proactive aggression and daily emotions in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47, 1495-1507PDF

Bookhout, M.K., Hubbard, J.A., & Moore, C.C. (2018). Emotion regulation. In J. E. Lochman & W. Matthys (Eds.), The Wiley handbook of disruptive and impulse-control disorders (pp. 221-236)New York: John Wiley and Sons. PDF

Moore, C.C., Hubbard, J.A., & Bookhout, M.K. (2018). Temperament and aggression. In T. Malti & K. Rubin (Eds.), Handbook of child and adolescent aggression: Emergence, development, and intervention (pp. 107-126). New York: Guilford. PDF

Moore, C.C., Hubbard, J.A., Morrow, M.T., Barhight, L.R., Lines, M.M., Sallee, M.L., & Hyde, C.T. (2018). The simultaneous assessment of and relations between children’s sympathetic and parasympathetic psychophysiology and their reactive and proactive aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 44, 614-623. PDF

Barhight, L.R., Hubbard, J.A., Swift, L.E., & Konold, T.R. (2017). A multimethod-multitrait approach to assessing childhood aggression and related constructs. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 63(3), 367-395PDF

Hubbard, J. A., & Swift, L. E. (2013). Treatments for anger regulation and reactive aggression in young children. In E. Fernandez (Ed.), Treatments for anger in specific populations (pp. 197-212).New York: Oxford University Press. PDF

Smith, M., Hubbard, J. A., & Laurenceau, J-P. (2011). Profiles of anger control in second-grade children: Examination of self-report, observational, and physiological components. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 110, 213-226. PDF

Hubbard, J. A., McAuliffe, M. D., Morrow, M. T., & Romano, L. J. (2010). Reactive and proactive aggression in childhood and adolescence: Outcomes, processes, experiences, and measurement. Journal of Personality, 78, 95-118PDF

Hubbard, J. A., Morrow, M. T., Romano, L. J., & McAuliffe, M. D. (2010). The role of anger in children’s reactive versus proactive aggression: Review of findings, issues of measurement, and implications for intervention. In W. Arsenio & E. Lemerise (Eds.), Emotions, aggression, and morality in children: Bridging development and psychopathology (pp. 201-217)Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press. PDF

Hubbard, J. A., Romano, L. J., McAuliffe, M. D., & Morrow, M. T. (2010). Anger and the reactive-proactive aggression distinction in childhood and adolescence. In M. Potegal, G. Stemmler, & C. Spielberger (Eds.), International handbook of anger: Constituent and concomitant biological, psychological, and social processes (pp. 231-241)New York, NY: Springer. PDF

Hubbard, J. A., McAuliffe, M. D., Rubin, R. M., & Morrow, M. T. (2007). The anger-aggression relation in violent children and adolescents. In T. A. Cavell and K. T. Malcolm (Eds.), Anger, aggression, and interventions for interpersonal violence (pp. 267-280).Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. PDF

Kenny, D., West, T., Cillessen, A. H. N., Coie, J. D., Dodge, K. A., Hubbard, J. A., & Schwartz, D. (2007). Accuracy in judgments of aggressiveness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1225-1236. PDF

McAuliffe, M. D., Hubbard, J. A., Rubin, R. M., Morrow, M. T., & Dearing, K. F. (2006). Reactive and proactive aggression: Stability of constructs and relations to correlates. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 167, 365-382. PDF

Hubbard, J. A. (2005). Eliciting and measuring children’s anger in the context of their peer interactions: Ethical considerations and practical guidelines.Ethics and Behavior, 15, 247-258PDF

Hubbard, J. A., & Dearing, K. F. (2004). Children’s understanding and regulation of emotion in the context of their peer relations. In J. B. Kupersmidt and K. A. Dodge (Eds.), Children’s peer relations: From development to intervention (pp. 81-99). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press. PDF

Hubbard, J. A., Parker, E. H., Ramsden, S. R., Flanagan, K. D., Relyea, N., Dearing, K. F., Smithmyer, C. M., Simons, R. F., & Hyde, C. T. (2004). The relations between observational, physiological, and self-report measures of children’s anger. Social Development, 13, 14-39. PDF

Dearing, K. F., Hubbard, J. A., Ramsden, S. R., Parker, E. H., Flanagan, K. D., Relyea, N., & Smithmyer, C. M. (2002). Children’s self-reports about anger regulation: Direct and indirect links to social preference and aggression. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 48, 308-336. PDF

Hubbard, J. A., Smithmyer, C. M., Ramsden, S. R., Parker, E. H., Flanagan, K. D., Dearing, K. F., Relyea, N., & Simons, R. F. (2002). Observational, physiological, and self-report measures of children’s anger: Relations to reactive versus proactive aggression. Child Development, 73, 1101-1118. PDF

Ramsden, S. R., & Hubbard, J. A. (2002). Family expressiveness and parental emotion coaching: Their role in children’s emotion regulation and aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 657-667. PDF

Hubbard, J. A. (2001). Emotion expression processes in children’s peer interaction: The role of peer rejection, aggression, and gender. Child Development, 72, 1426-1438. PDF

Hubbard, J. A., Dodge, K. A., Cillessen, A. H. N., Coie, J. D., & Schwartz, D. (2001). The dyadic nature of social information processing in boys’ reactive and proactive aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 268-280. PDF

Parker, E. H., Hubbard, J. A., Ramsden, S. R., Relyea, N., Dearing, K. F., Smithmyer, C. M., & Schimmel, K. D. (2001). Children’s use and knowledge of display rules for anger following hypothetical vignettes versus following live peer interaction. Social Development, 10, 528-557. PDF

Smithmyer, C. M., Hubbard, J. A., & Simons, R. F. (2000). Proactive and reactive aggression in delinquent adolescents: Relations to aggression outcome expectancies.Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 86-93. PDF

Coie, J. D., Cillessen, A. H. N., Dodge, K. A., Hubbard, J. A., Schwartz, D., Lemerise, E. A., & Bateman, H. (1999). It takes two to fight: A test of relational factors and a method for assessing aggressive dyads. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1179-1188. PDF

Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., Coie, J. D., Hubbard, J. A., Cillessen, A. H. N., Lemerise, E. A., & Bateman, H. (1998). Social cognitive and behavioral correlates of subtypes of aggression and victimization in boys’ playgroups. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 431-440. PDF

Hubbard, J. A., & Coie, J. D. (1994). Emotional determinants of social competence in children’s peer relationships. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 1-20. PDF

Hubbard, J. A., & Newcomb, A. F. (1991). Initial dyadic peer interaction of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal boys. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19, 179-195. PDF

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