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PROGRAM | Speech-Language Pathology

Time is of the Essence: Examining the Time Course of Speech-Motor Learning in Adolescents and Young Adults with and without Childhood Apraxia of Speech

By: Anne L. van Zelst Chair: F. Sayako Earle

ABSTRACT

Adolescents and young adults with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) present with persistent speech and language difficulties (Lewis & Ekelman, 2004; Lewis et al., 2007; Preston et al, 2013). These deficits can be a serious barrier to academic and social success (Lewis et al., 2007; Ruben, 2000). Existing models of speech-motor learning focus on active, online practice and the protracted development of the movement component of the speech-motor representation; however, specific elements of the speech-motor representation may be subject to offline learning processes (van Zelst & Earle, 2021). As such, thoughtful timing of speech-motor practice relative to wakeful rest or nocturnal sleep may promote memory consolidation of new speech-motor representations. The aim of this research is to track these learning time courses in adolescents and young adults with and without CAS as they learn a new speech-motor representation. Learning a new speech-motor representation is thought to involve learning both movement-specific (the how of moving) and goal-based information (the why or the reason for moving) (Cohen et al., 2005). In nonspeech-motor learning, these mechanisms can be dissociated and are thought to occur through a division of labor between the procedural and the declarative memory systems (Cohen et al., 2005; Song, 2009; van Zelst & Earle, 2021). Adolescents and young adults with CAS may have deficits in procedural learning (Iuzzini-Seigel, 2021) and thus may rely more heavily on declarative memory and learning processes. The overarching goal of this project is to investigate the time course of learning the movement (i.e., motor, procedural learning) and goal-based (i.e., linguistic, declarative learning) constituents of a new speech-motor representation in adolescents with (CAS) and without (TD) childhood apraxia of speech (CAS).This work is the first step in a programmatic line of research to optimize the treatment of long-standing CAS in adolescents and young adults.

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