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PROGRAM | Economics

Essays on the Impact of Religion, Ethnicity, and Gender

By: Muhammad Afzal Chair: Sabrin Beg

ABSTRACT

This dissertation consists of three independent essays on topics related to ethnic, religious and gender differences and their impact on economic decision making. The first paper titled “Internal Migration and Right-Wing Vote Share” studies the within country movement of people from different communities and their impact on natives’ voting behavior. Using data from Indian elections to the State Legislative Assemblies, this paper studies the natives’ voting patterns in response to the movement of people from religious minorities and scheduled castes/tribes. In order to address the endogeneity of residential choices and to identify the causal impact of migrants on natives’ voting behavior, I have used instrumental variable approach based on shift-share instrument. The results suggest that migrants belonging to minority communities and scheduled castes/tribes contribute to increase in support for right-wing political parties.

The second paper titled “Female Leaders and Gender Differences in Education and Health” studies the role-model effect of the election of female politicians on reducing differential treatment between boys and girls in education and health related outcomes. Using large representative data from India and controlling for potential endogeneity, I have found no evidence of the impact of female politicians on reducing gender gap in household investment on education and health related outcomes. The third paper titled “Attitudes towards Life Satisfaction and Child Gender” studies the gender of new born child on mothers’ attitude towards life satisfaction. The results suggest that the gender of the child has a significant impact on the attitudes of mothers, and the relationship between gender and life satisfaction is negative for girls and positive for boys.

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