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PROGRAM | Medical Sciences

Development of Multiplex Real-time PCR Assays for the Surveillance of Tick-borne Pathogens in Delaware

By: Michael Buoni Chair: Esther Biswas-Fiss Co-Chair: Subhasis Biswas

ABSTRACT

Tick-borne pathogens are responsible for most vector-based human diseases in the United States. In the United States, nearly 650,000 cases of vector-borne diseases were reported from 2004–2016.  Of the 650,000 cases, tick-borne diseases accounted for >75% of these cases.  Given the increasing recognition of tick-borne diseases, as well as the increase in the range and distribution of ticks, it is imperative to understand which human pathogens, and in what relative frequency, are carried by tick species in areas populated by humans.  To date, few studies exist surveying the presence and distribution of tick-borne pathogens in the state of Delaware. The goal of this study was to create multiplex real-time PCR assays to identify Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia microti, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and Ehrlichia ewingii from their respective reservoir tick species.

Three multiplex, real-time PCR assays were developed and tested on 1527 ticks from Ixodes scapularis, Dermacentor variabilis, and Ambylomma americanum, three species of ticks relevant to Delaware. The results showed that of a sample of 500 Ixodes scapularis ticks from Delaware, 30.2% were positive for Borrelia burgdorferi, 2.6% were positive for Babesia microti, and 1% were positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Of the 500 D. variabilis ticks tested, 0% were positive for E. chaffeensis and .2% were positive for A. phagocytophilum.   Of the 527 A. americanum ticks tested, 4.74% were positive for E. chaffeensis and 1.14% were positive for E. ewingii. These findings support the notion that real-time PCR assays can be used to successfully identify and monitor tick pathogen activity in Delaware.

 

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