Dissertation Defense Schedule

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PROGRAM | Disaster Science and Management

Evolution of Culture among Warning System Organizations

By: Danielle Nagele Chair: Joseph Trainor

ABSTRACT

Thousands of natural hazards affect the United States each year, many resulting in loss of life, injuries, and damaged property. These hazards make obvious the need for an effective warning system with the ability to reduce losses. Even so, no single agency “owns” public notifications and warnings. Given the many organizations involved in this activity, those who study warnings often refer to the webs of warning organizations involved in local areas as a “warning system.” Further there is often a call for “integrated warning systems” or networks that work together and understand how their policies and activities interact (Quarentelli, 1990; Nigg, 1995; and Sorenson, 2000.) These warnings systems are quite complex and can be thought of as the actors, resources, and processes involved in detection, prediction, and communication of impending disasters. Understanding the way the warning system works and the interactions between each component is imperative if we are to determine what is effective and what needs to be improved. The dissertation explores a conceptual model of the warning system in order to extend our understanding of the organizations and tasks involved. In addition, this analysis examines the inter- and intra-organizational variations that can arise among warning systems in different regions. Building on the idea of disaster subculture, it is proposed that repetitive impacts from the same hazard can lead to changes in the communication structure, the roles and influence of the actors, and the available resources and their uses.

 

This research was conducted using a multiple case study design where organizations located within National Weather Service Warning Forecast Office regions were interviewed. Two of the cases represent areas in which the organizations face repetitive impacts from the same damaging hazard (tornadoes). While all regions experience hazards to some degree, the other two cases represent areas that do not have a particular agent impacting them on a significantly regular basis. The subjects in each case study were drawn from six types of organizations within each area. Interviews addressed tasks and activities associated with the warning system, communication within and across organizations, roles and responsibilities, and the use of resources.

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